Abstract: Belyi's Theorem states that a Riemann surface, X, as an algebraic curve is defined over an algebraic closure of the rationals if and only if there exists a holomorphic function taking X to the Riemann sphere with at most three critical values (traditionally taken to be zero, one, and infinity). By restricting to the case where X is the Riemann sphere and our holomorphic functions are Belyi polynomials, we define a Belyi height of an algebraic number to be the minimal degree of Belyi polynomials mapping said algebraic number to either zero or one. We prove, for non-zero algebraic numbers with non-zero p-adic valuation, that the Belyi height must be greater than or equal to p using the combinatorics of Newton polygons. We also give examples of algebraic numbers which show our bounds are sharp.
Recommendations
- Properties of the degree of Belyi functions. (Proprieétés du degré des morphismes de Belyi.)
- Polynomial bounds for Arakelov invariants of Belyi curves. With an appendix by Peter Bruin.
- An effective version of Belyi's theorem.
- Belyi's theorem revisited
- Valuations, intersections and Belyi functions--some remarks on the construction of heights
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