Nonstandard approach to gravity for the dark sector of the universe

DOI10.3390/E15020559zbMATH Open1298.83117arXiv1301.4486OpenAlexW3100354529MaRDI QIDQ742664FDOQ742664

Authors: Peter C. Stichel, Wojciech J. Zakrzewski 

Publication date: 19 September 2014

Published in: Entropy (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We summarize the present state of research on the darkon fuid as a model for the dark sector of the Universe. Nonrelativistic massless particles are introduced as a realization of the Galilei group in an enlarged phase space. The additional degrees of freedom allow for a nonstandard, minimal coupling to gravity respecting Einstein's equivalence principle. Extended to a self-gravitating fluid the Poisson equation for the gravitational potential contains a dynamically generated effective gravitational mass density of either sign. The equations of motion (EOMs) contain no free parameters and are invariant w.r.t. Milne gauge transformations. Fixing the gauge eliminates the unphysical degrees of freedom. The resulting Lagrangian possesses no free particle limit. The particles it describes, darkons, exist only as fluid particles of a self-gravitating fluid. This darkon fluid realizes the zero-mass Galilean algebra extended by dilations with dynamical exponent z = 5/3. We reduce the EOMs to Friedmann-like equations, derive conserved quantities and a unique Hamiltonian dynamics by implementing dilation symmetry. By the Casimir of the Poisson-bracket (PB)-algebra we foliate the phase space and construct a Lagrangian in reduced phase space. We solve the Friedmann-like equations with the transition redshift and the value of the Casimir as integration constants. We obtain a deceleration phase for the early Universe and an acceleration phase for the late Universe in agreement with observations. Steady state equations in the spherically symmetric case may model a galactic halo. Numerical solutions of a nonlinear differential equation for the gravitational potential lead to predictions for the dark matter (DM) part of the rotation curves (RCs) of galaxies in qualitative agreement with observational data. We also present a general covariant generalization of the model.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.4486

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zbMATH Keywords

self-gravitating fluidaccelerated expansiongeneral covarianceCasimirrotation curvesnonrelativistic massless particlesnonstandard gravityPoisson-bracket

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Galactic and stellar dynamics (85A05) Quantum field theory on curved space or space-time backgrounds (81T20) Relativistic gravitational theories other than Einstein's, including asymmetric field theories (83D05) Relativistic cosmology (83F05) Astrophysical cosmology (85A40)

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Cited In (6)

• Generalized conformal pseudo-Galilean algebras and their Casimir operators
• Darkness without dark matter and energy -- generalized unimodular gravity
• Darkon fluid -- a model for the dark sector of the universe?
• On Casimir operators of conformal Galilei algebras
• Space-time Schrödinger symmetries of a post-Galilean particle
• Dark matter from non-relativistic embedding gravity

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