Linking numbers and the tame Fontaine-Mazur conjecture

DOI10.1007/S40316-014-0012-4MaRDI QIDQ742919zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 19 September 2014

Published in Annales Mathématiques du Québec (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1308.5920

Fontaine-Mazur conjecture linking Lie algebra mild pro-\(p\)-groups

Galois cohomology (11R34) Cohomological dimension of fields (12G10) Chains and lattices of subgroups, subnormal subgroups (20E15) Generators, relations, and presentations of groups (20F05) Derived series, central series, and generalizations for groups (20F14) Associated Lie structures for groups (20F40)

Abstract: Let p be an odd prime, let S be a finite set of primes q congruent to 1 mod p but not mod p^2 and let G_S be the Galois group of the maximal p-extension of Q un-ramified outside of S. If r is a continuous homomorphism of G_S into GL_2(Z_p) then under certain conditions on the linking numbers of S we show that r=1 if its reduction mod p is 1. We also show that the reduction of r mod p is 1 if r can be put in triangular form mod p^3.

Review text

Let \(p\) be a prime number, \(K\) a number field, \(S\) a finite set of primes of \(K\) with residual characteristics distinct from \(p\). Denote by \(\Gamma_{S,K}\) the Galois group of the maximal algebraic extension of \(K\) unramified outside \(S\), and by \(G_{S }=G_{S,K}\) the maximal pro-\(p\)-quotient of \(\Gamma_{S,K}\). The tame Fontaine-Mazur conjecture asserts that every continuous homomorphism \(\rho : \Gamma_{S,K} \rightarrow \mathrm{GL}_n (\mathbb Z_p)\) must have finite image. Let \(\mathrm{GL}_n^{(1)}(\mathbb Z_p)\) be the subgroup of matrices of \(\mathrm{GL}_n (\mathbb Z_p)\) which are congruent to \(1\) mod \(p\). It is easily seen that the tame Fontaine-Mazur conjecture is equivalent to the following Conjecture 1.1: Every continuous homomorphism \(\rho : G_{S,K} \rightarrow \mathrm{GL}_n^{(1)}(\mathbb Z_p)\) must be trivial. In this paper the author proves some cases of Conjecture 1.1 when \(K = \mathbb Q\), \(p\) is odd and the primes \(q_i\) in \(S\) are congruent to \(1 \mod\, p\) (this is not a restriction), but not congruent to \(1 \mod\, p^2\) (this means that the abelianized group \(G_S^{\mathrm{ab}}\) is elementary). The main tool is the so called linking \(\mathbb F_p\)-Lie algebra \(\mathfrak l_S\) of \(S\), defined by generators \(\xi_1,\dots, \xi_d\) and relations \(\sigma_1,\dots, \sigma_d\), with \(\sigma_i = c_i \xi_i + \sum_{i\neq j} l_{ij} [\xi_i, \xi_j],\) where \(c_i = (q_i {- 1})/p\) and the linking number \(l_{ij}\) of \((q_i , q_j)\) is such that \(q_i \equiv {g_j}^{-l_{ij}} \mod q_j\), \(g_j\) being a primitive root mod \(q_j\). The main point is that there exists a map \(\ell : \Hom_{\mathrm{cont}} (G_{S}, \mathrm{GL}_n^{(1)}(\mathbb Z_p)) \rightarrow \Hom (\mathfrak l_S , {gl}_n(\mathbb F_p))\) such that \(\rho = 1\) if and only if \(\ell(\rho) = 0\). One can thus obtain sufficient conditions for Conjecture 1.1 to hold; for example: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[-] If the cup-product \(H^1(G_{S}, \mathbb F_p) \times H^1(G_{S}, \mathbb F_p)\rightarrow H^2(G_{S}, \mathbb F_{p})\) is null, then Conjecture 1.1 is valid for all \(n\). \item[-] If every \(k\)-dimensional representation of \(\mathfrak l_S\) is trivial (let us call \(FM(k)\) this condition), then Conjecture 1.1 is valid for \(n = k\). \end{itemize}} The author gives necessary and sufficient criteria in terms of linking numbers for condition \(FM(k)\) to hold or not when \(|S|< 3\) and \(k < p\). He concludes by related considerations on mild and Fontaine-Mazur pro-\(p\)-groups: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[-] There exists a finite set \(T\) containing \(S\) and consisting of primes \(q\) congruent to \(1 \mod\, p\), not congruent to \(1 \mod\, p^2\), such that \(G_{T }\) is mild (in the sense of [the author, J. Reine Angew. Math. 596, 155--182 (2006; Zbl 1122.11076)] and, if \(n < p\), the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak l_T\) has property \(FM(n)\) if \(\mathfrak l_S\) does. \item[-] A pro-\(p\)-group \(G\) is labelled Fontaine-Mazur if every continuous homomorphism \(G\rightarrow \mathrm{GL}_n (\mathbb Z_p)\) is finite. The author constructs by generators and relations a pro-\(p\)-group \(G\) such that every continuous homomorphism \(G\rightarrow \mathrm{GL}_n^{(1)}(\mathbb Z_p)\) is trivial if \(n < p\). \end{itemize}}

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