Amari-Chentsov connections and their geodesics on homogeneous spaces of diffeomorphism groups

DOI10.1007/S10958-013-1646-5MaRDI QIDQ744536zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 25 September 2014

Published in Journal of Mathematical Sciences (New York) (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1210.5476

diffeomorphism groups geodesics geometric statistics integrable systems

Infinite-dimensional Lie groups and their Lie algebras: general properties (22E65) Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical systems with topology, geometry and differential geometry (37K25) Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical systems with infinite-dimensional Lie algebras and other algebraic structures (37K30) Geodesics in global differential geometry (53C22) Groups of diffeomorphisms and homeomorphisms as manifolds (58D05)

Abstract: We study the family of

a l p h a

-connections of Amari-Chentsov on the homogeneous space

m a t h c a l D (M) / m a t h c a l D_{m} u (M)

of diffeomorphisms modulo volume-preserving diffeomorphims of a compact manifold

M

. We show that in some cases their geodesic equations yield completely integrable Hamiltonian systems.

Review text

Let \(M\) be a compact Riemannian manifold without boundary. Let \(\mathcal{D}(M)\) denote the group of smooth diffeomorphisms of \(M\) and let \(\mathcal{D}_\mu(M)\) be its subgroup of diffeomorphisms preserving the volume form \(\mu\) on \(M\). The homogeneous space \(\mathcal{D}(M)/\mathcal{D}_\mu(M)\) can be naturally identified with the set of smooth probability densities, i.e., smooth functions \(\rho >0\) on \(M\) satisfying the condition \(\int_M \rho \, d\mu = 1\). In this paper the authors consider analogues of the so-called \(\alpha\)-connections on \(\mathcal{D}(M)/\mathcal{D}_\mu(M)\) introduced in geometric statistics by Chentsov and Amari. The purposes of this paper are to provide a proof of the construction in [\textit{B. A. Khesin} et al., Geom. Funct. Anal. 23, No. 1, 334--366 (2013; Zbl 1275.58006)] of Amari-Chentsov connections for circle diffeomorphisms, to generalize this construction to diffeomorphism groups of higher-dimensional manifolds and finally, as a by-product, to show integrability of the geodesic equations corresponding to \(\alpha=1\). The affine connection \(\nabla^{(\alpha)}\) given for a right-invariant vector field \(W_\eta = w \circ \eta\) and a tangent vector \(V = v \circ \eta\) is given by \[ ( \nabla^{(\alpha)}_V W)_\eta = -\left\{ \Delta^{-1}d \Bigl( d\,\mathrm{div}\, w \cdot v + \frac{1-\alpha}{2}\,\mathrm{div}\,{w} \,\mathrm{div}\,{v} \Bigr) \right\}^\sharp \circ \eta\, \] where \(\alpha \in [-1, 1]\) and \(\Delta = d\delta + \delta d\) denotes the Laplace-de Rham operator. In this paper the authors prove, that for any \(\alpha\) the connections \(\nabla^{(\alpha)}\) and \(\nabla^{(-\alpha)}\) are dual with respect to the \(\dot{H}^1\) metric and \(\nabla^{(0)}\) is the Levi-Civita connection. The geodesic equation of \(\nabla^{(\alpha)}\) on \(\mathcal{D}(M)/\mathcal{D}_\mu(M)\) is equivalent to the following nonlinear PDE \[ d\varphi_t + d\iota_{\displaystyle u} d\varphi + (1-\alpha) \varphi \, d\varphi = 0, \qquad \varphi = \mathrm{div}\, u. \] The geodesic equations of \(\nabla^{(\alpha)}\) on \(\mathcal{D}(M)/\mathcal{D}_\mu(M)\) with \(\alpha =0, \pm 1\) are integrable equations in any dimension \(n\).

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