A note on ramification of the Galois representation on the fundamental group of an algebraic curve
In this brief note the author constructs a certain filtration in the Galois group \(G_ K\) of the algebraic closure of an algebraic number field K as a pull-back of the filtration in the automorphism group Aut(G) where G is the maximal pro-\(\ell\)-quotient of the fundamental group of a smooth irreducible complete curve X of genus greater than 1. The pull- back is taken using the natural representation \({\tilde \rho}\): \(G_ K\to Aut(\pi_ 1(X\otimes_ K\bar K,\bar x))\) [cf. \textit{Y. Ihara}, Ann. Math., II. Ser. 123, 43-106 (1986; Zbl 0595.12003)]. The filtration on Aut(G) comes from the lower central series of G. The result of the paper is that for any prime ideal of K not dividing \(\ell\) and modulo which X has stable reduction under certain conditions all ideals above it are not ramified in successive extensions of the tower of extensions of K given by the mentioned filtration of the Galois group \(G_ K\). This is an analog of the following result of Ihara (ibid.) in which a complete curve is replaced by the projective line without 3 points: Let \(X={\mathbb{P}}^ 1-\{0,1,\infty\}\) and \(\rho_{\ell}: Gal({\bar {\mathbb{Q}}}/{\mathbb{Q}})\to Out(\pi '_ 1(X\otimes_{{\mathbb{Q}}}{\bar {\mathbb{Q}}},*)\) be the representation of the Galois group into the outer automorphisms of pro-\(\ell\)-completion of the fundamental group of X. Then this representation is unramified outside of \(\ell\).
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