Some remarks on Diophantine equations and Diophantine approximation

MaRDI QIDQ763582zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Claude Levesque, Michel Waldschmidt

Publication date 29 March 2012

Published in Vietnam Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.7200

zbMATH Keywords

\(S\)-unit equationsDiophantine approximationDiophantine equationsintegral pointsSchmidt's subspace theoremSiegel's theoremThue curvesThue-Mahler equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Cubic and quartic Diophantine equations (11D25) Thue-Mahler equations (11D59) Schmidt Subspace Theorem and applications (11J87)

Abstract: We first recall the connection, going back to A. Thue, between rational approximation to algebraic numbers and integer solutions of some Diophantine equations. Next we recall the equivalence between several finiteness results on various Diophantine equations. We also give many equivalent statements of Mahler's generalization of the fundamental theorem of Thue. In particular, we show that the theorem of Thue--Mahler for degree $3$ implies the theorem of Thue--Mahler for arbitrary degree $ge3$, and we relate it with a theorem of Siegel on the rational integral points of the projective line $P^1(K)$ minus $3$ points. Finally we extend our study to higher dimensional spaces in connection with Schmidt's Subspace Theorem.

Review text

Let \(S\) be a finite set of places containing the Archimedean places of a number field \(K\) and denote by \(O_S\) the ring of \(S\)-integers. Call a triple \((x,y,\varepsilon),(x',y',\varepsilon')\in O_S^2\times O_S^*\) equivalent if there exist \(\eta\in O_S^*\) and a rational integer \(m\) such that \(x'=\eta x, y'=\eta y\) and \(\varepsilon'=\eta^m\varepsilon\). In the paper under review the authors consider the following four Diophantine assertions: 1.) Let \(F\) be any binary homogeneous form over \(K\) such that the polynomial \(F(X,1)\) has three distinct roots in \(K\) and \(k\in K^*\) be arbitrary. Then the Thue-Mahler equation \(F(X,Y)=kE\) has only finitely many equivalence classes of solutions \((x,y,\epsilon)\in O_S^2\times O_S^*\). 2.) The Thue-Mahler equation \(XY(X-Y)=E\) has only finitely many equivalence classes of solutions \((x,y,\epsilon)\in O_S^2\times O_S^*\). 3.) The \(S\)-unit equation \(E_1+E_2=1\) has only finitely many solutions \((\varepsilon_1,\varepsilon_2)\in O_S^*\times O_S^*\). 4.) Any set of \(S\)-integral points of \(P^1(K)\) minus three points is finite. The authors prove by elementary means the equivalence of these assertions. The authors point out that since each of the four assertions is a theorem, where effective results are known, one can deduce from one effective version from one theorem effective versions of the other theorems. The authors also establish similar results for higher dimensional spaces.

Recommendations

• Mahler's work on Diophantine equations and subsequent developments
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• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3952852

Cited in

(4)

• Mahler's work on Diophantine equations and subsequent developments
• Thue Diophantine Equations
• Quelques remarques sur des questions d'approximation diophantienne
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3049261 (Why is no real title available?)

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