Rational periodic sequences for the Lyness recurrence

DOI10.3934/DCDS.2012.32.587zbMATH Open1306.39006arXiv1004.5511OpenAlexW3100597818MaRDI QIDQ765063FDOQ765063

Authors: Armengol Gasull, V. Mañosa, Xavier Xarles 

Publication date: 19 March 2012

Published in: Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Consider the celebrated Lyness recurrence $x_{n+2}=(a+x_{n+1})/x_n$ with $ainQ$. First we prove that there exist initial conditions and values of $a$ for which it generates periodic sequences of rational numbers with prime periods $1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10$ or $12$ and that these are the only periods that rational sequences ${x_n}_n$ can have. It is known that if we restrict our attention to positive rational values of $a$ and positive rational initial conditions the only possible periods are $1,5$ and $9$. Moreover 1-periodic and 5-periodic sequences are easily obtained. We prove that for infinitely many positive values of $a,$ positive 9-period rational sequences occur. This last result is our main contribution and answers an open question left in previous works of Bastien & Rogalski and Zeeman. We also prove that the level sets of the invariant associated to the Lyness map is a two-parameter family of elliptic curves that is a universal family of the elliptic curves with a point of order $n,nge5,$ including $n$ infinity. This fact implies that the Lyness map is a universal normal form for most birrational maps on elliptic curves.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1004.5511

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zbMATH Keywords

periodic pointsLyness difference equationsrational points over elliptic curvesuniversal family of elliptic curves

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Stability theory for difference equations (39A30) Multiplicative and other generalized difference equations (39A20) Elliptic curves (14H52)

Cited In (8)

• Periodicities of solutions of the generalized lyness recursion
• The geometric unfolding of recurrence relations
• Linear fractional recurrences: periodicities and integrability
• Lyness cycles
• On periodic solutions of 2-periodic Lyness' equations
• Periodic orbits of planar integrable birational maps
• Tropical cycles
• Detection of special curves via the double resultant

Uses Software

• SageMath

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