Non-perturbative definition of the QCD energy-momentum tensor on the lattice

DOI10.1007/JHEP04(2020)043zbMATH Open1436.81100arXiv2002.06897OpenAlexW3016120992MaRDI QIDQ780684FDOQ780684

L. Giusti, Mattia Dalla Brida, M. Pepe

Publication date: 15 July 2020

Published in: Journal of High Energy Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We present a strategy to define non-perturbatively the energy-momentum tensor in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) which satisfies the appropriate Ward identities and has the right trace anomaly. The tensor is defined by regularizing the theory on a lattice, and by fixing its renormalization constants non-perturbatively by suitable Ward identities associated to the Poincare' invariance of the continuum theory. The latter are derived in thermal QCD with a non-zero imaginary chemical potential formulated in a moving reference frame. A renormalization group analysis leads to simple renormalization-group-invariant definitions of the gluonic and fermionic contributions to either the singlet or the non-singlet components of the tensor, and therefore of their form factors among physical states. The lattice discussion focuses on the Wilson discretization of quark fields but the strategy is general. Specific to that case, we also carry out the analysis for the on-shell O(a)-improvement of the energy-momentum tensor. The renormalization and improvement programs profit from the fact that, as shown here, the thermal theory enjoys de-facto automatic O(a)-improvement at finite temperature. The validity of the proposal is scrutinized analytically by a study to 1-loop order in lattice perturbation theory with shifted and twisted (for quarks only) boundary conditions. The latter provides also additional useful insight for a precise non-perturbative calculation of the renormalization constants. The strategy proposed here is accessible to Monte Carlo computations, and in this sense it provides a practical way to define non-perturbatively the energy-momentum tensor in QCD.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.06897

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zbMATH Keywords

lattice quantum field theorynonperturbative effects

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Strong interaction, including quantum chromodynamics (81V05) Quantum field theory on lattices (81T25)

Cites Work

• Properties and uses of the Wilson flow in lattice QCD
• Lattice energy-momentum tensor from the Yang-Mills gradient flow -- inclusion of fermion fields
• Energy–momentum tensor from the Yang–Mills gradient flow
• The chirally rotated Schrödinger functional with Wilson fermions and automatic \(O(a)\) improvement
• On-shell improved lattice gauge theories
• Space-time symmetries and the Yang-Mills gradient flow
• Lattice perturbation theory
• The energy-momentum tensor for lattice gauge theories
• Thermodynamic potentials from shifted boundary conditions: the scalar-field theory case
• Implications of Poincaré symmetry for thermal field theories in finite-volume
• A novel approach for computing glueball masses and matrix elements in Yang-Mills theories on the lattice
• Coordinate space methods for the evaluation of Feynman diagrams in lattice field theories

Cited In (6)

• Baryonic thermal screening Mass at NLO
• On the energy momentum dispersion in the lattice regularization
• The energy-momentum tensor for lattice gauge theories
• Remark on the energy-momentum tensor in the lattice formulation of 4D \(\mathcal{N} = 1\) SYM
• Energy-momentum tensor in QCD: nucleon mass decomposition and mechanical equilibrium
• Vacuum correlators at short distances from lattice QCD

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