Ruelle-Pollicott resonances of stochastic systems in reduced state space. Part III: Application to the Cane-Zebiak model of the El Niño-southern oscillation
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Publication:781815
DOI10.1007/S10955-019-02444-8zbMATH Open1460.60057arXiv1911.12144OpenAlexW2989918508MaRDI QIDQ781815FDOQ781815
Henk Dijkstra, Alexis Tantet, Mickaël D. Chekroun, J. David Neelin
Publication date: 20 July 2020
Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)
Abstract: The response of a low-frequency mode of climate variability, El Ni{~n}o-Southern Oscillation, to stochastic forcing is studied in a high-dimensional model of intermediate complexity, the fully-coupled Cane-Zebiak model [ZC87], from the spectral analysis of Markov operators governing the decay of correlations and resonances in the power spectrum. Noise-induced oscillations excited before a supercritical Hopf bifurcation are examined by means of complex resonances , the reduced Ruelle-Pollicott (RP) resonances, via a numerical application of the reduction approach of the first part of this contribution [CTND19] to model simulations. The oscillations manifest themselves as peaks in the power spectrum which are associated with RP resonances organized along parabolas, as the bifurcation is neared. These resonances and the associated eigenvectors are furthermore well described by the small-noise expansion formulas obtained by [Gas02] and made explicit in the second part of this contribution [TCND19]. Beyond the bifurcation, the spectral gap between the imaginary axis and the real part of the leading resonances quantifies the diffusion of phase of the noise-induced oscillations and can be computed from the linearization of the model and from the diffusion matrix of the noise. In this model, the phase diffusion coefficient thus gives a measure of the predictability of oscillatory events representing ENSO. ENSO events being known to be locked to the seasonal cycle, these results should be extended to the non-autonomous case. More generally, the reduction approach theorized in [CTND19], complemented by our understanding of the spectral properties of reference systems such as the stochastic Hopf bifurcation, provides a promising methodology for the analysis of low-frequency variability in high-dimensional stochastic systems.
Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.12144
Climate science and climate modeling (86A08) Stochastic ordinary differential equations (aspects of stochastic analysis) (60H10) Fokker-Planck equations (35Q84) PDEs with randomness, stochastic partial differential equations (35R60) Transition functions, generators and resolvents (60J35) Stochastic methods (Fokker-Planck, Langevin, etc.) applied to problems in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C31)
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