Harvesting and seeding of stochastic populations: analysis and numerical approximation

DOI10.1007/S00285-020-01502-0MaRDI QIDQ782867zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Alexandru Hening, Ky Tran

Publication date 29 July 2020

Published in Journal of Mathematical Biology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.00734

zbMATH Keywords

harvestingstochastic environmentcontrolled diffusiondensity-dependent pricespecies seeding

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of Brownian motions and diffusion theory (population genetics, absorption problems, etc.) (60J70) Diffusion processes (60J60) Environmental economics (natural resource models, harvesting, pollution, etc.) (91B76) Population dynamics (general) (92D25)

Abstract: It is well known that excessive harvesting or hunting has driven species to extinction both on local and global scales. This leads to one of the fundamental problems of conservation ecology: how should we harvest a population so that economic gain is maximized, while also ensuring that the species is safe from extinction? We study an ecosystem of interacting species that are influenced by random environmental fluctuations. At any point in time, we can either harvest or seed (repopulate) species. Harvesting brings an economic gain while seeding incurs a cost. The problem is to find the optimal harvesting-seeding strategy that maximizes the expected total income from harvesting minus the cost one has to pay for the seeding of various species. We consider what happens when one, or both, of the seeding and harvesting rates are bounded. The focus of this paper is the analysis of these three novel settings: bounded seeding and infinite harvesting, bounded seeding and bounded harvesting, and infinite seeding and bounded harvesting. We prove analytical results and develop numerical approximation methods. By implementing these approximations, we are able to gain qualitative information about how to best harvest and seed species. We are able to show that in the single species setting there are thresholds $0<L_1<L_2<infty$ such that: 1) if the population size is `low', so that it lies in $(0,L_1]$, there is seeding using the maximal seeding rate; 2) if the population size `moderate', so that it lies in $(L_1,L_2)$, there is no harvesting or seeding; 3) if the population size is `high', so that it lies in the interval $[L_2,infty)$, there is harvesting using the maximal harvesting rate. Once we have a system with at least two species, numerical experiments show that constant threshold strategies are not optimal anymore.

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Cited in

(11)

• A survey of numerical solutions for stochastic control problems: some recent progress
• Numerical methods for optimal harvesting strategies in random environments under partial observations
• Optimal ergodic harvesting under ambiguity
• Coexistence, extinction, and optimal harvesting in discrete-time stochastic population models
• Stochastic control of ecological networks
• On an ergodic two-sided singular control problem
• The effects of random and seasonal environmental fluctuations on optimal harvesting and stocking
• Optimal exploitation for hybrid systems of renewable resources under partial observation
• Harvesting of interacting stochastic populations
• Impacts of demographic and environmental stochasticity on population dynamics with cooperative effects
• Harvesting of a stochastic population under a mixed regular-singular control formulation

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