On the equality problem of generalized Bajraktarević means

DOI10.1007/S00010-019-00670-9MaRDI QIDQ785644zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Richárd Grünwald, Zsolt Páles

Publication date 7 August 2020

Published in Aequationes Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.07196

zbMATH Keywords

Bajraktarević mean equality of means generalized inverse quasi-arithmetic mean

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Means (26E60) Functional equations for real functions (39B22)

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the equality problem of generalized Bajraktarevi'c means, i.e., to solve the functional equation �egin{equation}label{E0} ag{*} f^{(-1)}�igg(frac{p_1(x_1)f(x_1)+dots+p_n(x_n)f(x_n)}{p_1(x_1)+dots+p_n(x_n)}�igg)=g^{(-1)}�igg(frac{q_1(x_1)g(x_1)+dots+q_n(x_n)g(x_n)}{q_1(x_1)+dots+q_n(x_n)}�igg), end{equation} which holds for all

x = (x_{1}, d o t s, x_{n}) i n I^{n}

, where

n g e q 2

,

I

is a nonempty open real interval, the unknown functions

f, g : I o m a t h b b R

are strictly monotone,

f^{(- 1)}

and

g^{(- 1)}

denote their generalized left inverses, respectively, and

p = (p_{1}, d o t s, p_{n}) : I o m a t h b b R_{+}^{n}

and

q = (q_{1}, d o t s, q_{n}) : I o m a t h b b R_{+}^{n}

are also unknown functions. This equality problem in the symmetric two-variable (i.e., when

n = 2

) case was already investigated and solved under sixth-order regularity assumptions by Losonczi in 1999. In the nonsymmetric two-variable case, assuming three times differentiability of

f

,

g

and the existence of

i i n 1, 2

such that either

p_{i}

is twice continuously differentiable and

p_{3 - i}

is continuous on

I

, or

p_{i}

is twice differentiable and

p_{3 - i}

is once differentiable on

I

, we prove that eqref{E0} holds if and only if there exist four constants

a, b, c, d i n m a t h b b R

with

a d e q b c

such that �egin{equation*} cf+d>0,qquad g=frac{af+b}{cf+d},qquadmbox{and}qquad q_ell=(cf+d)p_ellqquad (ellin{1,dots,n}). end{equation*} In the case

n g e q 3

, we obtain the same conclusion with weaker regularity assumptions. Namely, we suppose that

f

and

g

are three times differentiable,

p

is continuous and there exist

i, j, k i n 1, d o t s, n

with

i e q j e q k e q i

such that

p_{i}, p_{j}, p_{k}

are differentiable.

Review text

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the equality problem of generalized Bajraktarević means, i.e., to solve the functional equation \[ f^{(-1)}\left(\frac{p_1 (x_1 )f (x_1 ) + \cdots + p_n (x_n )f (x_n )}{p_1 (x_1 ) + \cdots + p_n (x_n )}\right)=g^{(-1)}\left(\frac{q_1 (x_1 )g(x_1 ) + \cdots + q_n (x_n )g(x_n )}{q_1 (x_1 ) + \cdots + q_n (x_n )}\right), \tag{\(\ast\)} \] which holds for all \((x_1 , \ldots , x_n ) \in I^{n}\), where \(n \geq 2\), \(I\) is a nonempty open real interval, the unknown functions \(f, g \colon I \to \mathbb{R}\) are strictly monotone, \(f^{ (-1)}\) and \(g^{(-1)}\) denote their generalized left inverses, respectively, and \(p = (p_1 , \ldots, p_n ) \colon I \to \mathbb{R}^{n}_{+}\) and \(q = (q_1 , \ldots, q_n )\colon I \to \mathbb{R}^{n}_{+}\) are also unknown functions. According to the main results of the paper, in the nonsymmetric two-variable case, assuming the three times differentiability of \(f , g\) and the existence of \(i \in \left\{1, 2\right\}\) such that either \(p_i\) is twice continuously differentiable and \(p_{3-i}\) is continuous on \(I\), or \(p_{i}\) is twice differentiable and \(p_{3-i}\) is once differentiable on \(I\), it is proven that \((\ast)\) holds if and only if there exist four constants \(a, b, c, d \in \mathbb{R}\) with \(ad = bc\) such that \[ cf + d > 0, \quad g= \frac{af + b}{cf + d}\text{ and }q_{l} = (cf + d)p_{l}\quad (l \in \left\{1, \ldots, n\right\}). \] Furthermore, if \(n \geq 3\), the same conclusion with weaker regularity assumptions is obtained. Namely, if \(f\) and \(g\) are three times differentiable, \(p\) is continuous and there exist \(i, j, k \in \left\{1, \ldots, n\right\}\) with \(i \neq j \neq k \neq i\) such that \(p_i , p_j , p_k\) are differentiable.

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(15)

This page was built for publication: On the equality problem of generalized Bajraktarević means

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q785644)