Pólya operators. I: Total positivity

Convexity of real functions in one variable, generalizations (26A51) Green's functions for ordinary differential equations (34B27) Ordinary differential operators (34L99) Series expansions (e.g., Taylor, Lidstone series, but not Fourier series) (41A58) General theory of ordinary differential operators (47E05)

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It is well known [cf. \textit{S. Karlin,} Total positivity. Vol. I (1968; Zbl 0219.47030) Chap. 10] that certain ordinary linear differential operators have a Green's kernel which is totally positive. In the present paper, a class of operators is investigated for which the Green's kernel and the solutions biorthonormal to the boundary conditions can be uniquely arranged into a joint kernel (the extended Green's kernel) which is totally positive. The boundary conditions for which this result holds true are derived from an incidence matrix satisfying Pólya's condition [\textit{I. J. Schoenberg,} J. Math. Anal. Appl. 16, 538-543 (1966; Zbl 0156.287)]. As an application it is proved that up to a normalization the Green's kernel is compact and that its limiting functions are two of the basic solutions of the Pólya operator.

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