Generalized Bell numbers and zeros of successive derivatives of an entire function

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Fibonacci and Lucas numbers and polynomials and generalizations (11B39) Zeros of polynomials, rational functions, and other analytic functions of one complex variable (e.g., zeros of functions with bounded Dirichlet integral) (30C15)

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Six different formulations equivalent to the statement that, for \(n\geq 2\), the sum \(\sum^{n}_{k=1}(-1)^ kS(n,k)\neq 0,\) where the S(n,k) are Stirling numbers of the second kind, are shown to hold. The equivalent statements yield information of the irreducibility of the polynomials \(\sum^{n}_{k=1}S(n,k)t^{k-1}\) over the rationals, the general zeros for successive derivatives \((d/dz)^ n \exp(e^{iz}),\) a gap theorem for the nonzero coefficients of \(\exp(-e^ z),\) and the continuous solution of the differential-difference equation \(f(x)=1,\quad 0\leq x<1,\quad f'(x)=-[x]f(x-1), 1\leq x<\infty\), where [ ] denotes the greatest integer function. Using number-theoretic methods the following sufficient condition is established: Let \(A_ n\) be the sequence defined by \(\exp(1-e^ z)=\sum^{\infty}_{n=0}A_ n z^ n/n!,\) and let z(N) denote the number of zeros \(A_ n\) for \(z=1,2,...,N\). If there exist arbitrarily large primes p for which the minimal period of \(A_ n(mod p)\quad is\quad 2(p^ p-1)/(p-1),\) then \(\lim_{n\to \infty}z(N)/N=0.\) The polynomials \(S_ n(t)=\sum^{n}_{k=1}S(n,k)t^ k\) are of interest, and are shown to have the following property: The set of all zeros of the polynomials \(S_ n(t)\), \(n=1,2,...\), is dense on (- \(\infty,0]\).

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