Small ideals in radical theory

Brown-McCoy radical rings hereditary radical homomorphically closed regular class Jacobson radical radical class semisimple class small ideal small rings supernilpotent radical upper radical

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Radicals and radical properties of associative rings (16Nxx)

Review text

In a ring with left or right identity an ideal is small if and only if it is contained in the Brown-McCoy radical. A ring is said to be small, if it is contained as a small ideal in some ring. The class of small rings coincides with that of all Brown-McCoy radical rings. Let \({\mathcal R}\) be a radical class and \({\mathcal S}\) its semisimple class. The following two conditions are examined: (*) if I is a small ideal in \(S\in {\mathcal S}\), then S/\(I\in {\mathcal S}\), (**) if I is a small ideal in A and A/\(I\in {\mathcal R}\), then \(A\in {\mathcal R}\). It is proved that (*) implies (**), but not conversely. The upper radical of a homomorphically closed regular class satisfies (**). If the semisimple class of a hereditary radical \({\mathcal R}\neq 0\) satisfies (*), then \({\mathcal R}\) is supernilpotent. If a hereditary supernilpotent radical class is contained in the Jacobson radical class, or if a supernilpotent radical class contains the Brown- McCoy radical class, then its semisimple class satisfies (*).

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