Some new results on composition of quadratic forms
Sei r{\#}s die kleinste natürliche Zahl m, so daß eine nichtsinguläre bilineare Abbildung \({\mathbb{R}}^ r\times {\mathbb{R}}^ s\to {\mathbb{R}}^ m\) existiert. Sei ferner r*s die kleinste natürliche Zahl n, für welche eine Identität \((*)\quad (x^ 2_ 1+...+x^ 2_ r)(y^ 2_ 1+...+y^ 2_ s)=\phi^ 2_ 1+...+\phi^ 2_ n\) mit bilinearen Formen \(\phi_ i\in {\mathbb{R}}[x_ 1,...,x_ r,y_ 1,...,y_ s]\) möglich ist. Trivialerweise gelten die Abschätzungen \(\max \{r,s\}\leq r\#s\leq r*s.\) Klassische Resultate von Hopf und Stiefel ergeben außerdem \(r\#s\leq r+s-1\) und [r{\#}s\(\leq n\Rightarrow \left( \begin{matrix} n\\ k\end{matrix} \right)\) gerade für alle k mit \(n-r<k<s]\). Ferner ist r{\#}s\(=r*s\) falls \(r\leq 9.\) Die Formel (*) induziert eine Hopf-Abbildung \(H=H_{\phi}: S^{r+s- 1}\to S^ n\) mit \(H(x,y)=(\| x\|^ 2-\| y\|^ 2,2\phi (x,y)).\) Verf. zeigt zunächst, daß für jeden Punkt \(Q\in S^ n\) das Urbild \(H^{-1}(Q)\) eine lineare Teilsphäre von \(S^{r+s-1}\) ist. Durch ein elegantes topologisches Argument zeigt er dann, daß die Jacobi-Matrix von H in jedem Punkt \((x,y)\in H^{-1}(Q)\) denselben Rang q hat und schließlich H eine versteckte nichtsinguläre bilineare Abbildung \(f=f_ Q: {\mathbb{R}}^{r+s-1}\times {\mathbb{R}}^ q\to {\mathbb{R}}^ n\) induziert. Als Anwendung ergeben sich neue untere Abschätzungen für r*s, z.B. 10*11\(\geq 20\), 12*13\(\geq 24\), 32*32\(\geq 56\), 64*64\(\geq 120\) usw. Da 10{\#}11\(=17\) ist, wird hierdurch insbesondere erstmals bewiesen, daß i.a. \(r*s>r\#s\) ist.
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