A characterization of rational and elliptic real algebraic curves in terms of their space of orderings
\(Q_ 1\)-fieldsdense orbits propertyelliptic curveformally real fieldfunction fields of real algebraic varietiesrational curvespace of orderings
Fields related with sums of squares (formally real fields, Pythagorean fields, etc.) (12D15) Ordered fields (12J15) Arithmetic ground fields for curves (14H25) Special algebraic curves and curves of low genus (14H45) Rational and unirational varieties (14M20) Real algebraic and real-analytic geometry (14Pxx)
Let K be a formally real field with space of orderings X(K). Then Aut(K) operates on X(K). K is said to have the dense orbits property if for any \(x\in X(K)\) the orbit of x is dense in X(K). Fields with the dense orbits property were introduced by \textit{D. W. Dubois} and \textit{T. Recio} in Contemp. Math. 8, 265-288 (1982; Zbl 0484.12003) under the name of \(Q_ 1\)-fields. They were further studied by the author and \textit{T. Recio} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 30, 237-246 (1983; Zbl 0533.12018)]. In the present paper the dense orbits property is studied for function fields of real algebraic varieties. So, let V be a real algebraic variety over the field \({\mathbb{R}}\) of real numbers, \({\mathbb{R}}(V)\) the function field of V. It is proved that Aut(\({\mathbb{R}}(V))\) is infinite if \({\mathbb{R}}(V)\) has the dense orbits property. If V is a curve then \({\mathbb{R}}(V)\) has the dense orbits property if and only if V is a rational or elliptic curve.
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