Some remarks on high degree polynomial integrals of the magnetic geodesic flow on the two-dimensional torus
Flows on surfaces (37E35) Completely integrable finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, integration methods, integrability tests (37J35) Relations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems with topology, geometry and differential geometry (symplectic geometry, Poisson geometry, etc.) (37J39) Geodesic flows in symplectic geometry and contact geometry (53D25)
This paper aims at fixing a gap in the proof of the main result from [the first two authors, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 39, No. 11, 6565--6583 (2019; Zbl 1432.37082)]. Consider conformal coordinates \((x,y)\) on the \(2\)-torus with metric \(ds^2=\Lambda(x,y)(dx^2+dy^2)\), and let \[H=\frac{p_x^2+p_y^2}{2 \Lambda(x,y)}.\] The magnetic gedesic flow is the Hamiltonian flow of \(H\) with respect to the magnetic Poisson bracket \[\{-,-\}_{\text{mg}} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}\wedge \frac{\partial}{\partial p_x}+ \frac{\partial}{\partial y} \wedge \frac{\partial}{\partial p_y} + \Omega(x,y) \frac{\partial}{\partial p_x} \wedge \frac{\partial}{\partial p_y}\,,\] where \(\Omega(x,y)\, dx\wedge dy\) is a closed \(2\)-form defining a fixed nonzero magnetic field. The main result of [loc. cit.] states that if the magnetic geodesic flow has a first integral \(F\) which is polynomial of degree \(N\) in the momenta \((p_x,p_y)\) and which has periodic analytic coefficients at \(N+2\) energy levels \(\{H=E_j\}\), \(E_1,\ldots, E_{N+2}\in \mathbb{R}\) pairwise distinct, then \(\Omega\) and \(\Lambda\) are functions of a unique variable. Furthermore \(H\) admits a first integral \(F_1\) which is linear in momenta. In Section 2 the authors outline the main steps of the proof given in [loc. cit.] and identify an argument which can fail. It is explained in Section 3 how to fix this issue without altering the statement of the important result that was presented.
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