Positivity of Turán determinants for orthogonal polynomials. II

DOI10.1016/J.JAT.2021.105618MaRDI QIDQ822728zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 23 September 2021

Published in Journal of Approximation Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.09711

orthogonal polynomials recurrence formula Turán determinants

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis (42C05) Linear difference operators (47B39)

Abstract: The polynomials

p_{n}

orthogonal on the interval

[- 1, 1],

normalized by

p_{n} (1) = 1,

satisfy Tur'an's inequality if

p_{n}^{2} (x) - p_{n - 1} (x) p_{n + 1} (x) g e 0

for

n g e 1

and for all

x

in the interval of orthogonality. We give a general criterion for orthogonal polynomials to satisfy Tur'an's inequality. This extends essentially the results of cite{szw}. In particular the results can be applied to many classes of orthogonal polynomials, by inspecting their recurrence relation.

Review text

Given a sequence of polynomials \(\{P_n\}_{n\geq 0}\), the Turán determinants are defined by \[ \Delta_n(x):=P_n^2(x)-P_{n-1}(x)P_{n+1}(x), \qquad n\geq 1. \] In the case when the polynomials \(P_n\) satisfy certain three-term recurrence relations, the author gives a sufficient condition in terms of the recurrence coefficients for the Turán determinants to be nonnegative on \([-1,1]\). The main assumption on the coefficients is in general hard to verify, so the author suggests a corollary which applies to a number of specific polynomial sequences. Corollary 1. Assume that a polynomial sequence \(\{p_n\}_{n\geq 0}\), with \newline \(p_n(x)=\kappa_n x^n+\ldots\), \ \(\kappa_n>0\), satisfies \[ xp_n(x)=\gamma_n p_{n+1}(x)+\alpha_n p_{n-1}(x), \qquad n\geq 0, \quad \alpha_0=p_{-1}=p_0-1=0. \] Assume also that \[ \alpha_n=\frac12-\alpha\delta_n, \qquad \gamma_n=\frac12+\gamma\delta_n, \qquad n\geq0, \] where \(\alpha\geq\gamma>0\) and \(\delta_n\) monotonically decreases to zero. Then \[ \Delta_n(x)\geq 0, \quad -1\leq x\leq 1, \qquad P_n(x):=\frac{p_n(x)}{p_n(1)}\,, \qquad n\geq 0. \] \par For Part I, see [the author, in: Harmonic analysis and hypergroups. Proceedings of the international conference, Delhi, India, December 18--22, 1995. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser. 165--182 (1998; Zbl 0884.33006)].

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