Newtonian fractional-dimension gravity and MOND

DOI10.1007/S10701-020-00389-7zbMATH Open1456.83071arXiv2003.05784OpenAlexW3098496284MaRDI QIDQ828385FDOQ828385

Authors: Gabriele U. Varieschi 

Publication date: 8 January 2021

Published in: Foundations of Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: This paper introduces a possible alternative model of gravity based on the theory of fractional-dimension spaces and its applications to Newtonian gravity. In particular, Gauss's law for gravity as well as other fundamental classical laws are extended to a $D$-dimensional metric space, where $D$ can be a non-integer dimension. We show a possible connection between this Newtonian Fractional-Dimension Gravity (NFDG) and Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), a leading alternative gravity model which accounts for the observed properties of galaxies and other astrophysical structures without requiring the dark matter hypothesis. The MOND acceleration constant $a_{0}simeq1.2imes10^{-10}mboxmhinspacembox{s}^{-2}$ can be related to a natural scale length $l_0$ in NFDG, i.e., $a_{0}approxGM/l_0^2$, for astrophysical structures of mass $M$, and the deep-MOND regime is present in regions of space where the dimension is reduced to $Dapprox2$. For several fundamental spherically-symmetric structures, we compare MOND results, such as the empirical Radial Acceleration Relation (RAR), circular speed plots, and logarithmic plots of the observed radial acceleration $g_{obs}$ vs. the baryonic radial acceleration $g_{bar}$, with NFDG results. We show that our model is capable of reproducing these results using a variable local dimension $Dleft(wight)$, where $w=r/l_0$ is a dimensionless radial coordinate. At the moment, we are unable to derive explicitly this dimension function $Dleft(wight)$ from first principles, but it can be obtained empirically in each case from the general RAR. Additional work on the subject, including studies of axially-symmetric structures, detailed galactic rotation curves fitting, and a possible relativistic extension, will be needed to establish NFDG as a viable alternative model of gravity.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.05784

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zbMATH Keywords

modified gravitydark mattergalaxiesfractional gravity

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Relativistic gravitational theories other than Einstein's, including asymmetric field theories (83D05) Astrophysical cosmology (85A40) Dark matter and dark energy (83C56)

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Cited In (6)

• Geometric interpretation of tensor-vector-scalar theory in a Kaluza-Klein reference fluid
• Gravitation in the fractal \(D\) = 2 inertial universe: new phenomenology in spiral discs and a theoretical basis for MOND
• Gravitational potential and galaxy rotation curves in multi-fractional spacetimes
• Galaxy rotation curve in hyperconical universes: a natural relativistic MOND
• Reparameterization invariance and its relation to the dark matter phenomenon
• Classical and quantum gravity with fractional operators

Uses Software

• Digital Library of Mathematical Functions

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