Newtonian fractional-dimension gravity and MOND

DOI10.1007/S10701-020-00389-7MaRDI QIDQ828385zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Gabriele U. Varieschi

Publication date 8 January 2021

Published in Foundations of Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.05784

zbMATH Keywords

modified gravitydark mattergalaxiesfractional gravity

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Relativistic gravitational theories other than Einstein's, including asymmetric field theories (83D05) Astrophysical cosmology (85A40) Dark matter and dark energy (83C56)

Abstract: This paper introduces a possible alternative model of gravity based on the theory of fractional-dimension spaces and its applications to Newtonian gravity. In particular, Gauss's law for gravity as well as other fundamental classical laws are extended to a $D$-dimensional metric space, where $D$ can be a non-integer dimension. We show a possible connection between this Newtonian Fractional-Dimension Gravity (NFDG) and Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), a leading alternative gravity model which accounts for the observed properties of galaxies and other astrophysical structures without requiring the dark matter hypothesis. The MOND acceleration constant $a_{0}simeq1.2imes10^{-10}mboxmhinspacembox{s}^{-2}$ can be related to a natural scale length $l_0$ in NFDG, i.e., $a_{0}approxGM/l_0^2$, for astrophysical structures of mass $M$, and the deep-MOND regime is present in regions of space where the dimension is reduced to $Dapprox2$. For several fundamental spherically-symmetric structures, we compare MOND results, such as the empirical Radial Acceleration Relation (RAR), circular speed plots, and logarithmic plots of the observed radial acceleration $g_{obs}$ vs. the baryonic radial acceleration $g_{bar}$, with NFDG results. We show that our model is capable of reproducing these results using a variable local dimension $Dleft(wight)$, where $w=r/l_0$ is a dimensionless radial coordinate. At the moment, we are unable to derive explicitly this dimension function $Dleft(wight)$ from first principles, but it can be obtained empirically in each case from the general RAR. Additional work on the subject, including studies of axially-symmetric structures, detailed galactic rotation curves fitting, and a possible relativistic extension, will be needed to establish NFDG as a viable alternative model of gravity.

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Cited in

(6)

• Classical and quantum gravity with fractional operators
• Reparameterization invariance and its relation to the dark matter phenomenon
• Galaxy rotation curve in hyperconical universes: a natural relativistic MOND
• Gravitation in the fractal \(D\) = 2 inertial universe: new phenomenology in spiral discs and a theoretical basis for MOND
• Gravitational potential and galaxy rotation curves in multi-fractional spacetimes
• Geometric interpretation of tensor-vector-scalar theory in a Kaluza-Klein reference fluid

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