A necessary and sufficient condition for a surface sum of two handlebodies to be a handlebody

DOI10.1007/S11425-019-1647-9zbMATH Open1462.57022arXiv1908.10113OpenAlexW3013000767MaRDI QIDQ828629FDOQ828629

Authors: He Liu, Fengling Li, Andrei Vesnin, Fengchun Lei 

Publication date: 5 May 2021

Published in: Science China. Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The main results of the paper is that we give a characteristics for an annulus sum and a once-punctured torus sum of two handlebodies to be a handlebody as follows: 1. The annulus sum $H=H_{1}cu{p}_A{H}_2$ of two handlebodies $H_1$ and $H_2$ is a handlebody if and only if the core curve of $A$ is a longitude for either $H_1$ or $H_2$. 2. Let $H=H_{1}cu{p}_T{H}_2$ be a surface sum of two handlebodies $H_1$ and $H_2$ along a once-punctured torus $T$. Suppose that $T$ is incompressible in both $H_1$ and $H_2$. Then $H$ is a handlebody if and only if the there exists a collection $delta,sigma$ of simple closed curves on $T$ such that either $delta,sigma$ is primitive in $H_1$ or $H_2$, or $delta$ is primitive in $H_1$ and $sigma$ is primitive in $H_2$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10113

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zbMATH Keywords

handlebodyfree groupsurface sum of 3-manifolds

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

General topology of 3-manifolds (57K30)

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Cited In (5)

• A standard form of incompressible surfaces in 3-dimensional handlebodies
• \(H'\)-splittings of Seifert manifolds with boundary
• Weakly reducible H′-splittings of 3-manifolds
• Planar surfaces in a handlebody and a theorem of Gordon-Reid
• Band sum of two handlebodies: An application

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