The implementation of the unified transform to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with periodic initial conditions

DOI10.1007/S11005-021-01356-7MaRDI QIDQ829966zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Bernard Deconinck, A. S. Fokas, J. Lenells

Publication date 7 May 2021

Published in Letters in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.04857

zbMATH Keywords

inverse scatteringperiodic solutionRiemann-Hilbert problemFokas methodintegrable evolution equationlinearizable boundary conditionfinite-gap solutionunified transform method

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Periodic solutions to PDEs (35B10) Riemann-Hilbert problems in context of PDEs (35Q15) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Inverse spectral and scattering methods for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37K15) Boundary value problems for nonlinear higher-order PDEs (35G30)

Abstract: The unified transform method (UTM) provides a novel approach to the analysis of initial-boundary value problems for linear as well as for a particular class of nonlinear partial differential equations called integrable. If the latter equations are formulated in two dimensions (either one space and one time, or two space dimensions), the UTM expresses the solution in terms of a matrix Riemann-Hilbert (RH) problem with explicit dependence on the independent variables. For nonlinear integrable evolution equations, such as the celebrated nonlinear Schr"odinger (NLS) equation, the associated jump matrices are computed in terms of the initial conditions and all boundary values. The unknown boundary values are characterized in terms of the initial datum and the given boundary conditions via the analysis of the so-called global relation. In general, this analysis involves the solution of certain nonlinear equations. In certain cases, called linearizable, it is possible to bypass this nonlinear step. In these cases, the UTM solves the given initial-boundary value problem with the same level of efficiency as the well-known inverse scattering transform solves the initial value problem on the infinite line. We show here that the initial-boundary value problem on a finite interval with $x$-periodic boundary conditions (which can alternatively be viewed as the initial value problem on a circle), belongs to the linearizable class. Indeed, by employing certain transformations of the associated RH problem and by using the global relation, the relevant jump matrices can be expressed explicitly in terms of the so-called scattering data, which are computed in terms of the initial datum. Details are given for NLS, but similar considerations are valid for other well-known integrable evolution equations, including the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and modified KdV equations.

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Cited in

(6)

• The linear Lugiato-Lefever equation with forcing and nonzero periodic or nonperiodic boundary conditions
• Nonlinear Fourier transforms and the mKdV equation in the quarter plane
• Rigorous analysis of the unified transform method and long-range instabilities for the inhomogeneous time-dependent Schrödinger equation on the quarter-plane
• The unified transform method to the high-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with periodic initial condition
• Phase computation for the finite-genus solutions to the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation using convolutional neural networks
• The unified transform for evolution equations on the half‐line with time‐periodic boundary conditions*

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