Low-type submanifolds of real space forms via the immersions by projectors

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Studied the submanifolds of low Chen-type (1,3, or 3) in nonflat real space forms, are studied immersed into a suitable (pseudo) Euclidean space of symmetric matrices by projection operators. In particular, a characterization of 2-type submanifolds of these space forms with parallel mean curvature vector is given. The 2-type hypersurfaces in these spaces are classified. Two sets of necessary conditions are given for a minimal hypersurface to be of 2-type and for a hypersurface with constant mean curvature to be mass-symmetric and of 3-type. These conditions are then used to classify such hypersurfaces of dimension \(n\leq 5\). For example, the complete minimal hypersurfaces of the unit sphere \(S^{n+1}\) which are of 3-type via the immersion by projectors are exactly the 3-dimensional Cartan minimal hypersurface \(SO(3)/\mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_2\) and the Clifford minimal hypersurfaces \(M_{k,n-k}\) for \(n\neq 2k\). An interesting characterization of horospheres in \(\mathbb{R} H^{n+1}\) is also obtained.



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