A condition for the properness of polynomial maps
Let \(F=(f_{1},\dots ,f_{n}):\mathbb{R}^{n}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{n}\) be a polynomial mapping. The author gives a sufficient condition for local homeomorphic \(F\) to be a global diffeomorphism. The condition (in the form of a nondegeneracy condition) for properness of \(F\) is expressed in terms of the Newton diagram at infinity of the polynomial function \( f=f_{1}^{2k_{1}}+\dots +f_{n}^{2k_{n}}\) for some \(k_{1},\dots ,k_{n}\in \mathbb{N}\). He also proves that for a proper polynomial function \(f:\mathbb{ R}^{n}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) fibers \(f^{-1}(A)\) for sufficiently large \( \left| A\right| \) are diffeomorphic to the unit sphere \(S^{n-1}\) (if \(f^{-1}(A)\neq \emptyset \)). It generalizes results by Randall, Cima, Sakkalis and is similar to the results by Bivia-Ausina.
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