Quasiperiodic dynamics in Bose-Einstein condensates in periodic lattices and superlattices
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Perturbations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, normal forms, small divisors, KAM theory, Arnol'd diffusion (37J40) Quantum dynamics and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82C10) Dynamical systems in other branches of physics (quantum mechanics, general relativity, laser physics) (37N20)
Abstract: We employ KAM theory to rigorously investigate quasiperiodic dynamics in cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in periodic lattices and superlattices. Toward this end, we apply a coherent structure ansatz to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation to obtain a parametrically forced Duffing equation describing the spatial dynamics of the condensate. For shallow-well, intermediate-well, and deep-well potentials, we find KAM tori and Aubry-Mather sets to prove that one obtains mostly quasiperiodic dynamics for condensate wave functions of sufficiently large amplitude, where the minimal amplitude depends on the experimentally adjustable BEC parameters. We show that this threshold scales with the square root of the inverse of the two-body scattering length, whereas the rotation number of tori above this threshold is proportional to the amplitude. As a consequence, one obtains the same dynamical picture for lattices of all depths, as an increase in depth essentially only affects scaling in phase space. Our approach is applicable to periodic superlattices with an arbitrary number of rationally dependent wave numbers.
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