Pseudoholomorphic maps into folded symplectic four-manifolds

DOI10.2140/GT.2007.11.1MaRDI QIDQ873939zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 21 March 2007

Published in Geometry \& Topology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0511597

Pseudoholomorphic curves (32Q65) General geometric structures on manifolds (almost complex, almost product structures, etc.) (53C15) Symplectic and contact topology in high or arbitrary dimension (57R17) Boundary value problems on manifolds (58J32)

Abstract: Every oriented 4-manifold admits a folded symplectic structure, which in turn determines a homotopy class of compatible almost complex structures that are discontinuous across the folding hypersurface ("fold") in a controlled fashion. We define folded holomorphic maps, i.e. pseudo-holomorphic maps that are discontinuous across the fold. The boundary values on the fold are mediated by tunneling maps which are punctured H-holomorphic maps into the folding hypersurface with prescribed asymptotics on closed characteristics. Our main result is that the linearized operator of this boundary value problem is Fredholm and thus we obtain well behaved local finite dimensional moduli spaces. As examples we characterize the moduli space of maps into folded elliptic fibration and we construct examples of degree

d

rational maps into

S^{4}

. Moreover we explicitly give the moduli space of degree 1 rational maps into

S^{4}

and show that it possesses a natural compactification. This aims to generalize the tools of holomorphic maps to all oriented 4-manifolds by utilizing folded symplectic structures.

Review text

A folding map is a map like \(x \mapsto \left(x_1^2,x_2,\dots,x_n\right)\). The set \(x_1=0\) is called the fold. A folded symplectic structure is a closed 2-form which looks locally like the pull back of a symplectic form by a fold. Every oriented 4-manifold admits a folded symplectic structure. Von Bergmann's programme, begun in this article, aims to generalize the theory of pseudoholomorphic curves to all oriented 4-manifolds, presumably to make the equation \(\text{GW}=\text{SW}\) of Taubes hold for all oriented 4-manifolds. Von Bergmann defines a concept of pseudoholomorphic map of a folded Riemann surface into a folded symplectic 4-manifold. His definition is very surprising, since the maps are discontinuous across the fold. At each side of the fold, the pseudoholomorphic curve is required to meet an end of a Riemann surface living inside the fold, called a tunnelling map. Von Bergmann considers the boundary value problem of pseudoholomorphic folded maps into a folded symplectic 4-manifold with folded almost complex structure, with matched asymptotics by a tunnelling map. He proves that this problem has a Fredholm linearization, under the assumption that the fold and all data are invariant under a circle action. He computes out examples for the 4-sphere and an elliptic fibration, which solidly motivate the surprising definition.

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