Termination of (many) 4-dimensional log flips

Abstract: We prove that any sequence of 4-dimensional log flips that begins with a klt pair (X,D) such that -(K+D) is numerically equivalent to an effective divisor, terminates. This implies termination of flips that begin with a log Fano pair and termination of flips in a relative birational setting. We also prove termination of directed flips with big K+D. As a consequence, we prove existence of minimal models of 4-dimensional dlt pairs of general type, existence of 5-dimensional log flips, and rationality of Kodaira energy in dimension 4.

Review text

The Minimal Model Program relies on two main conjectures: existence of flips and termination of flips. Quite unexpectedly \textit{C. Hacon} and \textit{J. McKernan} proved [``On the existence of flips, \url{arXiv:math/0507597}], that termination essentially implies existence. In this way the focus on termination has been revived. This paper is devoted to prove special cases of termination conjecture in the Minimal Model Program of 4-folds. The core of the paper is a subtle modification of the notion of difficulty, introduced by Shokurov. The results of the authors implies the existence of minimal models for dlt 4-folds of general type and the existence of 5-fold flips, under suitable assumptions. It has to be said that quite recently \textit{C. Birkar, P. Cascini, C. D. Hacon} and \textit{J. McKernan} [J. Am. Math. Soc. 23, No. 2, 405--468 (2010; Zbl 1210.14019); preprint \url{arXiv:math/0610203}], proved the existence of minimal models in arbitrary dimensions, under suitable very mild hypothesis.

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