On layered stable processes

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Publication:880486



Abstract: Layered stable (multivariate) distributions and processes are defined and studied. A layered stable process combines stable trends of two different indices, one of them possibly Gaussian. More precisely, in short time, it is close to a stable process while, in long time, it approximates another stable (possibly Gaussian) process. We also investigate the absolute continuity of a layered stable process with respect to its short time limiting stable process. A series representation of layered stable processes is derived, giving insights into both the structure of the sample paths and of the short and long time behaviors. This series is further used for sample paths simulation.


Let \(\mu\) be an infinitely divisible probability measure without Gaussian component. It is called a layered stable (\(LS_{\alpha,\beta}(\sigma,q,\eta)\)) if its Lévy measure on \(\mathbb{R}^n\backslash \{0\}\) is \[ \nu(B)=\int_{S^{d-1}} \sigma(d\xi)\int_0^\infty 1_B(r\xi)q(r,\xi)\, dr, \] where \(\sigma\) is a finite positive measure on \(S^{d-1}\), and \(q:(0,\infty)\times S^{d-1}\to (0,\infty)\) is a locally integrable function, such that \[ q(r,\xi)\sim c_1(\xi) r^{-\alpha-1}, \text{ as }r\to 0, \quad \text{and}\quad q(r,\xi)\sim c_2(\xi) r^{-\beta-1}, \text{ as } r\to\infty, \] for \(\sigma\)-a.e. \(\xi\), and \(c_1(\xi)\) and \(c_2(\xi)\) are positive integrable on \(S^{d-1}\) functions. The Lévy process with Lévy measure \(\nu\) is called layered stable \(LS_{\alpha,\beta}(\sigma, q,\eta)\), where \(\eta\) is a drift. The indexes \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) are called the inner and outer indexes of \(\mu\). The authors show that the outer index is responsible for the existence of moments, while the variational properties are determined by the inner index. Further, after suitable re-scaling near zero, the \(LS_{\alpha,\beta}(\sigma, q,0)\) process weakly converges to a \(\alpha\)-stable process with Lévy measure depending on \(\sigma_1\), while after suitable re-scaling near infinity, the process weakly converges to a \(\beta\)-stable process with Lévy measure depending on \(\sigma_2\) if \(\beta<2\), or in case \(\beta>2\) it converges to a centered Brownian motion with some covariance matrix. In relation to the short-time behavior, the mutual absolute continuity of a layered stable process and of its short-time limiting stable process is investigated. Finally, the shot-noise series representations of layered processes are discussed.




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