On McMullen-like mappings

Abstract: We introduce a generalization of the McMullen family

f_{l a m b d a} (z) = z^{n} + l a m b d a / z^{d}

. In 1988, C. McMullen showed that the Julia set of

f_{l a m b d a}

is a Cantor set of circles if and only if

1 / n + 1 / d < 1

and the simple critical values of

f_{l a m b d a}

belong to the trap door. We generalize this behavior defining a McMullen-like mapping as a rational map

f

associated to a hyperbolic postcritically finite polynomial

P

and a pole data

m a t h c a l D

where we encode, basically, the location of every pole of

f

and the local degree at each pole. In the McMullen family, the polynomial

P

is

z m a p s t o z^{n}

and the pole data

m a t h c a l D

is the pole located at the origin that maps to infinity with local degree

d

. As in the McMullen family

f_{l a m b d a}

, we can characterize a McMullen-like mapping using an arithmetic condition depending only on the polynomial

P

and the pole data

m a t h c a l D

. We prove that the arithmetic condition is necessary using the theory of Thurston's obstructions, and sufficient by quasiconformal surgery.

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