Remarks on a theorem of Perron

DOI10.1016/J.JDE.2015.09.034MaRDI QIDQ890201zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors César Camacho, Hossein Movasati

Publication date 9 November 2015

Published in Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.03345

zbMATH Keywords

continued fractionexponents of a singularityFuchsian differential equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Linear ordinary differential equations and systems in the complex domain (34M03) Singularities, monodromy and local behavior of solutions to ordinary differential equations in the complex domain, normal forms (34M35)

Abstract: For a linear differential equation with a mild condition on its singularities, we discuss generalized continued fractions converging to expressions in its solutions and their derivatives. In the case of an order two linear differential equation, this is the logarithmic derivative of the holomorphic solution near a singularity.

Review text

Let be given a linear differential equation of order two \[ y={q_0}(z)y+{q_1}(z)y,\;{q_0},{q_1}\in \mathbb{C}(z).\tag{1} \] The \(n\)-th derivative of \(y\) can be presented as \[ {y^{(n)}}={q_{0,n}}(z)y+{q_{1,n}}(z)y,{q_{i,n}}\in \mathbb{C}(z),\;i=0,1. \] Let \(S=\left\{ {t_1},{t_2},\dots,{t_r} \right\}\) be the set of singular points of (1) in \({\mathbb C}\). With \(S\) one can associate the open sets \({U_1},{U_2},\dots ,{U_r}\) defined by \[ {U_i}:=\left\{ z\in \mathbb{C} \mid |z-{t_i}| < |z-{t_j}|,\;j=1,2,\dots,r,\;j\neq i \right\}. \] The authors say that (1) is generic if \(\forall {t_i}\in S\) there is a basis \({y_1},{y_2}\) of the space of solutions of (1) such that near \({t_i}\) the solution \({y_2}\) extends holomorphically to \({t_i}\) and the solution \({y_1}\) does not extend. For the equation (1) the following theorem is proved in the paper: Theorem. For a generic Fuchsian differential equation (1), the fraction \(\frac{q_{0,n}(z)}{q_{1,n}(z)}\) converges uniformly in compact subsets of \(U_i\) to \(-\frac{y'_2}{y_2}\) , where \(y_2\) is the unique (up to multiplication by a constant) holomorphic solution of (1) in \(U_i\). Then, the authors show that \(\frac{q_{0,n}(z)}{q_{1,n}(z)}\) can be written as the continued fraction. So they get a generalization of a theorem of Perron for the hypergeometric equation (see [\textit{O. Perron}, Die Lehre von den Kettenbrüchen. Band II. Analytisch-funktionentheoretische Kettenbrüche. 3. verbesserte und erweiterte Auflage. Stuttgart: B. G. Teubner Verlagsgesellschaft (1957; Zbl 0077.06602)]).

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Cites work

• A generalization of Poincaré's theorem for recurrence equations
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3125848 (Why is no real title available?)

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