Frames and Riesz bases of twisted shift-invariant spaces in L^2(R^2 n)
The twisted shifts of \(\varphi\in L^2(\mathbb{R}^{2n})\) are defined as the integer twisted translations \(T^t_{(k,\ell)}\,\varphi(x,y)=e^{\pi i (x\cdot\ell-y\cdot k)}\varphi(x-k,y-\ell)\), \((k,\ell)\in\mathbb{Z}^{2n}\). The twist gives \(W(T^t_{(k,\ell)}\,\varphi)=\pi(k,\ell) W(\varphi)\) where the Weyl transform \(W(f)\) is the integral operator with kernel \(K_f(\xi,\eta)=\int_{\mathbb{R}^n} f(x,\eta-\xi)\, e^{\pi i x\cdot (\xi+\eta)}\, dx\) and \(\pi\) denotes the unitary representation \(\pi(x,y,t)\, \varphi(\xi)=e^{2\pi i t} e^{2\pi i (x\cdot \xi+\frac{1}{2} x\cdot y)}\, \varphi(\xi+y)\). The first main results seek a characterization of when the shifts form an orthonormal basis for their span, analogous to the necessary condition \(\sum_{k\in\mathbb{Z}} |\widehat{\varphi}(\xi+k)|^2=1\) a.e. in the shift-invariant case on \(\mathbb{R}\). The analogous condition in the twisted shift case is \(w_\varphi(\xi)=1\) a.e. where \(w_\varphi(\xi)=\sum_{m\in\mathbb{Z}^n}\int_{\mathbb{R}^b} |K_\varphi(\xi+m,\eta)|^2\, d\eta\). This condition is shown to be necessary for the family \(\{T^t_{(k,\ell)}\,\varphi\}\) to form an orthonormal basis for its span, but an extra condition that the authors call ``Condition C is needed for sufficiency (Theorem 3.3), namely \[ \sum_{m\in\mathbb{Z}^n}\int_{\mathbb{R}^n} K_\varphi(\xi+m,\eta) \, K_\varphi(\xi+m+\ell,\eta)\, d\eta=0,\, \ell\neq 0. \] Riesz basis and frame conditions also depend fundamentally on the function \(w_\varphi\) and Condition C: if the twisted shifts \(\{T^t_{(k,\ell)}\,\varphi\}\) form a Bessel sequence in \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^{2n})\) then \(w_\varphi\) is essentially bounded (Theorem 3.4). In turn, if \(w_\varphi\) is essentially bounded and Condition C holds then \(\{T^t_{(k,\ell)}\,\varphi\}\) forms a Bessel sequence (Theorem 3.5). For \(\{T^t_{(k,\ell)}\,\varphi\}\) to form a Parseval frame for the closure of its span it is sufficient that Condition C holds and that \(w_\varphi=1\) a.e. on the set on which \(w_\varphi(\xi)\neq 0\), while \(\{T^t_{(k,\ell)}\,\varphi\}\) forms a frame for the closure of its span if Condition C holds and \(w_\varphi\) is essentially bounded above and below on the set on which \(w_\varphi(\xi)\neq 0\) (Theorem 5.1). \(\{T^t_{(k,\ell)}\,\varphi\}\) is a Riesz basis if also \(w_\varphi(\xi)\neq 0\) a.e. (Theorem 5.3). These last results depend on a structural theorem for twisted shift invariant spaces (Theorem 4.2) and a characterization of canonical duals of twisted shift invariant frames (Theorem 5.2).
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