Phases of unimodular complex valued maps: optimal estimates, the factorization method, and the sum-intersection property of Sobolev spaces

DOI10.1016/J.ANIHPC.2014.04.005MaRDI QIDQ892697zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Petru Mironescu, Ioana A. Molnar

Publication date 11 November 2015

Published in Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré. Analyse Non Linéaire (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anihpc.2014.04.005

zbMATH Keywords

liftingSobolev spacesunimodular maps

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems (46E35)

Review text

This paper is devoted to address a question of optimal lifting estimates for unimodular complex-valued maps. Let \(\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^n\) be smooth bounded simply connected. Given \(s>0\) and \(1\leq p<\infty\), assume that \(W^{s,p}(\Omega;\mathbb{S}^1)\) has the lifting property, namely, every \(u\in W^{s,p}(\Omega;\mathbb{S}^1)\) has a phase \(\varphi \in W^{s,p}(\Omega;\mathbb{R})\). The problem is to find the best possible estimate of the form \(|\varphi|_{W^{s,p}}\lesssim F(|u|_{W^{s,p}})\). It is known from a paper by \textit{J. Bourgain, H. Brézis} and the first author in [J. Anal. Math. 80, 37--86 (2000; Zbl 0967.46026)] that the space \(W^{s,p}(\Omega;\mathbb{S}^1)\) has the lifting property if and only if one the following holds:{\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] \(sp<1\);\item [(ii)] \(sp\geq n\); \item [(iii)] \(s\geq 1\) and \(sp\geq 2\). \end{itemize}} When \(0<s<1\) and \(1\leq p<\infty\) such that \(sp<1\), via an approach based on symmetrization and averaged estimates for martingales, it is proved in this paper that there exists a phase \(\varphi\) of \(u\) such that \(|\varphi|_{W^{s,p}}^p\lesssim \frac1{s^p(1-sp)} |u|_{W^{s,p}}^p\), which is also shown to be optimal when \(1<p<\infty\). This extends the corresponding known result when \(p=2\) obtained by Bourgain, Brézis and the first author [loc. cit.]. As a byproduct, a new characterization of fractional Sobolev spaces with \(0<s<1\) involving martingale estimates is obtained, and a new method for phase construction based on oscillation detection is proposed. When \(sp\geq 1\), the authors generalize a result on optimal estimates by \textit{B. Merlet} [C. R., Math., Acad. Sci. Paris 343, No. 7, 467--472 (2006; Zbl 1115.46027)] from the one-dimensional case to higher dimensions, using a new approach involving factorization techniques and duality.

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Cited in

(3)

• Uniform boundedness principles for Sobolev maps into manifolds
• Lifting in Besov spaces
• Lifting of fractional Sobolev mappings to noncompact covering spaces

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