A note on the maximum number of zeros of r(z) - z

DOI10.1007/S40315-015-0110-6MaRDI QIDQ893877zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Robert Luce, Olivier Sète, Jörg Liesen

Publication date 20 November 2015

Published in Computational Methods and Function Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1410.0134

zbMATH Keywords

complex conjugateharmonic functionrational function

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Real rational functions (26C15) Functional equations in the complex plane, iteration and composition of analytic functions of one complex variable (30D05) Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic functions in two dimensions (31A05)

Abstract: An important theorem of Khavinson & Neumann (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 134(4), 2006) states that the complex harmonic function $$, where $r$ is a rational function of degree $ngeq2$, has at most $5(n-1)$ zeros. In this note we resolve a slight inaccuracy in their proof and in addition we show that for certain functions of the form $$ no more than $5(n-1)-1$ zeros can occur. Moreover, we show that $$ is regular, if it has the maximal number of zeros.

Review text

\textit{D. Khavinson} and \textit{G. Neumann} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 134, No. 4, 1077--1085 (2006; Zbl 1090.30008)] showed that if \(r\) is a rational function of degree \(d\) greater than or equal to 2, then \(r(z)-\overline{z}\) has at most \(5d-5\) zeros. This result solved a problem in gravitational lensing. The authors correct a slight inaccuracy in that paper and also show that if \(r(\infty)=\infty\), then there are at most \(5d-6\) zeros.

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Cites work

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• Perturbing rational harmonic functions by poles
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(18)

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• Number and location of pre-images under harmonic mappings in the plane
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• Remark on the roots of generalized Lens equations
• The index of singular zeros of harmonic mappings of anti-analytic degree one
• Multiplane gravitational lenses with an abundance of images
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• Zeros of a one-parameter family of rational harmonic trinomials
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