Sobolev problems associated with Lie group actions
Let \(M\) be a closed manifold and \(X\) a submanifold of \(M\) of codimension \(\frac{n}{2}\). Denote by \(i:X\hookrightarrow M\) the embedding. Let \(G\) be a Lie group acting on \(M\). In the article under review, the author considers the Sobolev problem associated with Lie group actions originally due to [\textit{B. Yu. Sternin}, Trans. Mosc. Math. Soc. 15, 387--429 (1966; Zbl 0161.08504)] associated with a Lie group action and with the nonlocal boundary condition: solve \[ \begin{aligned} Pu&\equiv f\mod X,\\ i^{*}Bu&=\varphi,\end{aligned} \] where \(u\in H^s(M)\), \(f\in H^{s-m}(M)\), \(\varphi\in H^{s-b-\frac{n}{2}}(X)\), \(P\) is a \(\Psi\text{DO}\) of order \(m\) on \(M\), and \(Pu\equiv f\mod X\) means \(Pu=f\) outside \(X\). Here \(B\) is a nonlocal operator defined by \[ Bu:=B_0u+\int_G B_gT_gudg, \] where \(T_g:C^\infty(M)\to C^\infty(M)\) is defined by \((T_gu)(x)=u(g^{-1}(x))\), \(B_0\) is a \(\Psi\text{DO}\) of order \(b\) on \(M\), and \(B_g\), where \(g\in G\), is a family of \(\Psi\text{DO}\) of order \(b\) on \(M\) which depends smoothly on \(g\). Here, it is assumed that \(s-b-\frac{n}{4}>0\) and \(0<m-s-\frac{n}{4}\leq 1\). The original Sobolev problem (without \(G\)) is to find conditions such that it is well posed (Fredholm) and then compute its index. Sternin found that the Fredholm property of the Sobolev problem is equivalent to the ellipticity of \(P\) and an associated operator on \(X\). Moreover, the index of the Sobolev problem is equal to the sum of indices of \(P\) and the associated operator. The article under review solves the Sobolev problem in the presence of a Lie group action: the main result is that if the Lie group \(G\) satisfies some conditions then an associated operator on \(X\) acquires some structure, which permits us to introduce ellipticity on it and prove the finiteness theorem.
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