A multiple conjugation quandle and handlebody-knots
The author investigates a notion of multiple conjugation quandle and gives some examples. This algebraic structure is motivated and derived from the combinatorial structure of handlebody-knots. The author previously studied Reidemeister moves for handlebody-knots and a coloring invariant in [Algebr. Geom. Topol. 8, No. 3, 1403--1418 (2008; Zbl 1151.57007)] which was generalized in [\textit{A. Ishii} and \textit{M. Iwakiri}, Can. J. Math. 64, No. 1, 102--122 (2012; Zbl 1245.57014)] and [\textit{A. Ishii} et al., Ill. J. Math. 57, No. 3, 817--838 (2013; Zbl 1306.57011)]. The multiple conjugation quandle structure studied in the paper under review is a structure that mixes a group and a quandle: the operation of the quandle structure is used to describe the coloring condition at a crossing, while the multiplication of the group structure is used to describe the coloring condition at a vertex (see the precise definitions and the diagrammatics in the paper). Quandles with good involutions were defined by \textit{S. Kamada} [in: Intelligence of low dimensional topology 2006, Hiroshima, Japan July 22--26, 2006. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific. 101--108 (2007; Zbl 1145.57008)] in order to study colorings for unoriented knots and surface-knots. The author of the paper under review proves that if one starts from a quandle with good involution and adds some conditions in order to be able to use the newer structure for colorings of handlebody-links then the obtained structure is the multiple conjugation quandle.
- A multiple conjugation biquandle and handlebody-links
- The fundamental multiple conjugation quandle of a handlebody-link
- A relationship between multiple conjucation quandle/biquandle colorings
- Homology for quandles with partial group operations
- Partially multiplicative biquandles and handlebody-knots
- A \(G\)-family of quandles and handlebody-knots
- A classifying invariant of knots, the knot quandle
- DISTRIBUTIVE GROUPOIDS IN KNOT THEORY
- Moves and invariants for knotted handlebodies
- On linear graphs in 3-sphere
- Quandle cocycle invariants for spatial graphs and knotted handlebodies
- Quandles with good involutions, their homologies and knot invariants
- A multiple conjugation biquandle and handlebody-links
- The fundamental multiple conjugation quandle of a handlebody-link
- Geometric and homological considerations of local crossings of n-foams
- Partially multiplicative biquandles and handlebody-knots
- Biquandle (co)homology and handlebody-links
- Qualgebras and knotted 3-valent graphs
- Linear extensions of multiple conjugation quandles and MCQ Alexander pairs
- G-family polynomials
- Handlebody-knots and development of quandle theory
- A multiple group rack and oriented spatial surfaces
- Homology for quandles with partial group operations
- A relationship between multiple conjucation quandle/biquandle colorings
- A prismatic classifying space
- QUANDLES ASSOCIATED TO GALOIS COVERS OF ARITHMETIC SCHEMES
- Extensions of augmented racks and surface ribbon cocycle invariants
- On sufficiency of the definition of MCQ Alexander pairs in terms of invariants for handlebody-knots
- 4-move inequivalent handlebody-links and f-twisted Alexander matrices
- (Co)homology of racks and multiple group racks for compact oriented surfaces in the 3-sphere
- A construction of multiple group racks
- Products of quandles
- Derivatives with MCQ Alexander pairs for handlebody-links
- New quantum invariants of theta-curves with base points
- Cocycles of \(G\)-Alexander biquandles and \(G\)-Alexander multiple conjugation biquandles
- Affine extensions of multiple conjugation quandles and augmented MCQ Alexander pairs
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