Coburn's lemma and the finite section method for random Jacobi operators

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2015.09.019zbMATH Open1328.65128arXiv1505.05188OpenAlexW2963477902WikidataQ124801500 ScholiaQ124801500MaRDI QIDQ897704FDOQ897704

Authors: Marko Lindner, Simon N. Chandler-Wilde 

Publication date: 7 December 2015

Published in: Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We study the spectra and pseudospectra of finite and infinite tridiagonal random matrices, in the case where each of the diagonals varies over a separate compact set, say $U,V,WsubsetmathbbC$. Such matrices are sometimes termed stochastic Toeplitz matrices $A_{+}$ in the semi-infinite case and stochastic Laurent matrices $A$ in the bi-infinite case. Their spectra, $Sigma=$ spec $A$ and $Sigm{a}_{+}=$ spec $A_{+}$, are independent of $A$ and $A_{+}$ as long as $A$ and $A_{+}$ are pseudoergodic (in the sense of E.B. Davies, Commun. Math. Phys., 2001), which holds almost surely in the random case. This was shown in Davies (2001) for $A$; that the same holds for $A_{+}$ is one main result of this paper. We give upper and lower bounds on $Sigma$ and $Sigm{a}_{+}$, and we explicitly compute a set $G$ that fills the gap between the two in the sense that $SigmacupG=Sigm{a}_{+}$. We show that invertibility of one operator $A_{+}$ implies invertibility - and uniform boundedness of the inverses - of all finite square matrices with three diagonals in $U,V$ and $W$. This implies that the so-called finite section method for the approximate solution of a system $A_{+}x=b$ is applicable as soon as $A_{+}$ is invertible, and that the same method for estimating the spectrum of $A_{+}$ does not suffer from spectral pollution. Both results illustrate that tridiagonal stochastic Toeplitz operators share important properties of (classical) Toeplitz operators. One of our main tools is a new version of the Coburn lemma for classical Toeplitz operators, saying that a stochastic tridiagonal Toeplitz operator, if Fredholm, is always injective or surjective. In the final part we bound and compare the norms, and the norms of inverses, of bi-infinite, semi-infinite and finite tridiagonal matrices over $U$, $V$ and $W$. This allows the study of the resolvent norms, and hence the pseudospectra, of these operators and matrices.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1505.05188

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zbMATH Keywords

Jacobi operatorrandom operatorfinite section methodspectral pollutionCoburn lemmapseudoergodic

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Spectrum, resolvent (47A10) Jacobi (tridiagonal) operators (matrices) and generalizations (47B36) Random linear operators (47B80) Numerical solutions to equations with linear operators (65J10)

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Cited In (10)

• Truncations of a class of pseudo-Hermitian tridiagonal matrices
• Boundary element methods for acoustic scattering by fractal screens
• Minimal families of limit operators
• On spectral inclusion sets and computing the spectra and pseudospectra of bounded linear operators
• Spectral approximation of generalized Schrödinger operators via approximation of subwords
• Finite sections of periodic Schrödinger operators
• Finite sections of random Jacobi operators
• Pseudoergodic operators and periodic boundary conditions
• Finite section method for aperiodic Schrödinger operators
• Spectra, pseudospectra, and localization for random bidiagonal matrices

Uses Software

• Eigtool

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