Multiple structures with arbitrarily large projective dimension supported on linear subspaces

DOI10.1016/J.JALGEBRA.2015.09.019MaRDI QIDQ897761zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Craig Huneke, Paolo Mantero, Jason McCullough, Alexandra Seceleanu

Publication date 7 December 2015

Published in Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.4147

free resolution linkage multiple structures multiplicity primary ideals projective dimension unmixed ideals

Syzygies, resolutions, complexes and commutative rings (13D02) Homological dimension and commutative rings (13D05) Linkage (14M06) Low codimension problems in algebraic geometry (14M07)

Abstract: Let

K

be an algebraically closed field. There has been much interest in characterizing multiple structures in

P_{K}^{n}

defined on a linear subspace of small codimension under additional assumptions (e.g. Cohen-Macaulay). We show that no such finite characterization of multiple structures is possible if one only assumes Serre's

(S_{1})

property holds. Specifically, we prove that for any positive integers

h, e g e 2

with

(h, e) e q (2, 2)

and

p g e 5

there is a homogeneous ideal

I

in a polynomial ring over

K

such that (1) the height of

I

is

h

, (2) the Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity of

R / I

is

e

, (3) the projective dimension of

R / I

is at least

p

and (4) the ideal

I

is primary to a linear prime

(x_{1}, ..., x_{h})

. This result is in stark contrast to Manolache's characterization of Cohen-Macaulay multiple structures in codimension 2 and multiplicity at most 4 and also to Engheta's characterization of unmixed ideals of height 2 and multiplicity 2.

Review text

The authors investigate the possibility of a finite characterization of multiple structures in projective space \(\mathbb P^n_k\), where \(k\) is an algebraically closed field, defined on linear subspaces of small codimension under the assumption of unmixedness. \textit{N. Manolache} gave such a characterization for scheme-theoretically Cohen-Macaulay multiple structures of degree at most 4 [Math. Z. 210, No. 4, 573--579 (1992; Zbl 0784.14020)] as well as for locally complete intersection multiple structures of degree at most 6 [\textit{N. Manolache}, Math. Z. 219, No. 3, 403--411 (1995; Zbl 0837.14039)]. In addition, \textit{B. Engheta} gave a characterization of unmixed ideals of height 2 and multiplicity 2 [J. Algebra 316, No. 2, 715--734 (2007; Zbl 1132.13006)]. In contrast to these characterizations, the main result of this paper shows that no such finite characterization is possible under the unmixedness assumption alone. In particular, the authors prove the following: Theorem. For any integers \(h, e \geq 2\) with \((h,e) \not = (2,2)\) and integer \(p \geq 5\), there exists a homogeneous ideal \(I_{h,e,p}\) in a polynomial ring \(R\) over the algebraically closed field \(k\) such that: \(I_{h,e,p}\) has height \(h\); the Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity of \(R/I_{h,e,p}\) is \(e\); the projective dimension of \(R/I_{h,e,p}\) is at least \(p\); \(I_{h,e,p}\) is primary to a linear prime \((x_1, \ldots, x_h)\). After reviewing necessary background, at the beginning of Section 3 the authors provide the following useful summary of their approach to the proof of the above theorem. For the ease of notation, as in the main theorem, denote by \(L_{h,e,p}\) an ideal in a polynomial ring \(R\) over an algebraically closed field \(k\) such that \(L_{h,e,p}\) has height \(h\), \(R/L_{h,e,p}\) has Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity \(e\), and the canonical module for \(R/L_{h,e,p}\) has projective dimension greater than or equal to \(p\). Using this notation, the authors first define four key families of primary ideals with large projective dimension and nice resolutions and canonical modules. The four key families are \(L_{2,5,p}, L_{2,6,p}, L_{2,20,p}\) and \(L_{3,6,p}\). Then by linking via a complete intersection from one of these four key families, the authors present primary and radical linear ideals of height 2 and any multiplicity greater than or equal to 3 with arbitrarily large projective dimension. To obtain examples with arbitrary height, one adds extra linear generators. It is also noted that an additional construction is needed for the case of \(L_{3,2,p}\) case since the case for \(L_{2,2,p}\) is finite. Section 4 of the paper is dedicated to the details of the construction for the four key families. The key ideals were originally found with the use of Macaulay2 and have many generators (see Section 5 for an example demonstrating the minimal number of generators for \(I_{2,4,p}\)). The paper concludes with a discussion of classifying ideals with Serre's (\(S_2\)) property. The authors note that the ideals constructed in the paper satisfy Serre's (\(S_1\)) property but none are (\(S_2\)). The authors close with the following question: Question: Is there a finite classification of homogeneous unmixed or primary ideals of a given height and multiplicity that satisfy Serre's (\(S_2\)) condition? Is there a classification for such ideals that are (\(S_2\)) on the punctured spectrum?

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