The unreasonable success of quantum probability. I: Quantum measurements as uniform fluctuations

DOI10.1016/J.JMP.2015.01.003zbMATH Open1354.81005arXiv1401.2647OpenAlexW2963989892WikidataQ58147101 ScholiaQ58147101MaRDI QIDQ899139FDOQ899139

Authors: Diederik Aerts, Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi 

Publication date: 21 December 2015

Published in: Journal of Mathematical Psychology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We introduce a 'uniform tension-reduction' (UTR) model, which allows to represent the probabilities associated with an arbitrary measurement situation and use it to explain the emergence of quantum probabilities (the Born rule) as 'uniform' fluctuations on this measurement situation. The model exploits the geometry of simplexes to represent the states, in a way that the measurement probabilities can be derived as the 'Lebesgue measure' of suitably defined convex subregions of the simplexes. We consider a very simple and evocative physical realization of the abstract model, using a material point particle which is acted upon by elastic membranes, which by breaking and collapsing produce the different possible outcomes. This easy to visualize mechanical realization allows one to gain considerable insight into the possible hidden structure of an arbitrary measurement process. We also show that the UTR-model can be further generalized into a 'general tension-reduction' (GTR) model, describing conditions of lack of knowledge generated by 'non-uniform' fluctuations. In this ampler framework, particularly suitable to describe experiments in cognitive science, we define and motivate a notion of 'universal measurement', describing the most general possible condition of lack of knowledge in a measurement, emphasizing that the uniform fluctuations characterizing quantum measurements can also be understood as an average over all possible forms of non-uniform fluctuations which can be actualized in a measurement context. This means that the Born rule of quantum mechanics can be understood as a first order approximation of a more general non-uniform theory, thus explaining part of the great success of quantum probability in the description of different domains of reality. This is the first part of a two-part article.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1401.2647

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zbMATH Keywords

emergencecontextentanglementquantum probabilityquantum modelingconcept combinationhuman decisionhuman thoughtsequential probabilityuniversal measurement

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Decision theory (91B06) Cognitive psychology (91E10) Applications of statistical and quantum mechanics to economics (econophysics) (91B80) Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15)

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• Data fusion using Hilbert space multi-dimensional models
• Towards a quantum world wide web
• The GTR-model: a universal framework for quantum-like measurements
• Solving the hard problem of Bertrand's paradox
• Beyond-quantum modeling of question order effects and response replicability in psychological measurements
• Using abstract elastic membranes to learn about quantum measurements
• The extended Bloch representation of quantum mechanics and the hidden-measurement solution to the measurement problem
• On the conceptuality interpretation of quantum and relativity theories

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