The unreasonable success of quantum probability. I: Quantum measurements as uniform fluctuations

DOI10.1016/J.JMP.2015.01.003MaRDI QIDQ899139zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Diederik Aerts, Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi

Publication date 21 December 2015

Published in Journal of Mathematical Psychology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1401.2647

zbMATH Keywords

emergencecontextentanglementquantum probabilityquantum modelingconcept combinationhuman decisionhuman thoughtsequential probabilityuniversal measurement

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Decision theory (91B06) Cognitive psychology (91E10) Applications of statistical and quantum mechanics to economics (econophysics) (91B80) Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15)

Abstract: We introduce a 'uniform tension-reduction' (UTR) model, which allows to represent the probabilities associated with an arbitrary measurement situation and use it to explain the emergence of quantum probabilities (the Born rule) as 'uniform' fluctuations on this measurement situation. The model exploits the geometry of simplexes to represent the states, in a way that the measurement probabilities can be derived as the 'Lebesgue measure' of suitably defined convex subregions of the simplexes. We consider a very simple and evocative physical realization of the abstract model, using a material point particle which is acted upon by elastic membranes, which by breaking and collapsing produce the different possible outcomes. This easy to visualize mechanical realization allows one to gain considerable insight into the possible hidden structure of an arbitrary measurement process. We also show that the UTR-model can be further generalized into a 'general tension-reduction' (GTR) model, describing conditions of lack of knowledge generated by 'non-uniform' fluctuations. In this ampler framework, particularly suitable to describe experiments in cognitive science, we define and motivate a notion of 'universal measurement', describing the most general possible condition of lack of knowledge in a measurement, emphasizing that the uniform fluctuations characterizing quantum measurements can also be understood as an average over all possible forms of non-uniform fluctuations which can be actualized in a measurement context. This means that the Born rule of quantum mechanics can be understood as a first order approximation of a more general non-uniform theory, thus explaining part of the great success of quantum probability in the description of different domains of reality. This is the first part of a two-part article.

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Cited in

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• Using abstract elastic membranes to learn about quantum measurements
• The GTR-model: a universal framework for quantum-like measurements
• Do spins have directions?
• Data fusion using Hilbert space multi-dimensional models
• Towards a quantum world wide web
• On the Unpredictability of Individual Quantum Measurement Outcomes
• Pattern recognition in non-Kolmogorovian structures
• The unreasonable success of quantum probability. II: Quantum measurements as universal measurements
• The extended Bloch representation of entanglement and measurement in quantum mechanics
• Beyond-quantum modeling of question order effects and response replicability in psychological measurements
• The extended Bloch representation of quantum mechanics and the hidden-measurement solution to the measurement problem
• Solving the hard problem of Bertrand's paradox
• On the conceptuality interpretation of quantum and relativity theories

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