Generic properties of the spectrum of the Stokes system with Dirichlet boundary condition in R^3

DOI10.1016/J.ANIHPC.2014.09.007MaRDI QIDQ899242zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 23 December 2015

Published in Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré. Analyse Non Linéaire (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1303.4358

genericity simple eigenvalues Stokes equations

General topics in linear spectral theory for PDEs (35P05) Navier-Stokes equations (35Q30) Stokes and related (Oseen, etc.) flows (76D07)

Abstract: Let (SD_Omega) be the Stokes operator defined in a bounded domain Omega of R^3 with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We prove that, generically with respect to the domain Omega with C^5 boundary, the spectrum of (SD_Omega) satisfies a non resonant property introduced by C. Foias and J. C. Saut to linearize the Navier-Stokes system in a bounded domain Omega of R^3 with Dirichlet boundary conditions. For that purpose, we first prove that, generically with respect to the domain Omega with C^5 boundary, all the eigenvalues of (SD_Omega) are simple. That answers positively a question raised by J. H. Ortega and E. Zuazua. The proofs of these results follow a standard strategy based on a contradiction argument requiring shape differentiation. One needs to shape differentiate at least twice the initial problem in the direction of carefully chosen domain variations. The main step of the contradiction argument amounts to study the evaluation of Dirichlet-to-Neumann operators associated to these domain variations.

Review text

The paper under review studies the following eigenvalue problem for the Stokes system with Dirichlet boundary condition: \[ \begin{alignedat}{2} -&\Delta v+\nabla p=\lambda v,\quad \text{div}\,v=0,\quad & x\in\Omega,\\ & v=0 \quad & \text{on}\;\partial\Omega,\\ & \int_\Omega p(x)\,dx=0.\end{alignedat} \] Here, \(\Omega\) is a bounded open subset of \(\mathbb{R}^3\) with \(C^l\) boundary, \(l\geq 4\), \(v\) is the velocity and \(p\) is the pressure of a fluid. The authors prove genericity results on the spectrum of the problem. It is necessary to explain the term ``genericity. The set \(\mathbb{D}^3_l\) denotes the bounded domains of \(\mathbb{R}^3\) with \(C^l\) boundary, and it is endowed with the following topology: the base of open neighborhoods is given by the sets \(V(\Omega,\varepsilon)\) defined, for any domain \(\Omega\in\mathbb{D}^3_l\) and \(\varepsilon>0\) small enough, as the images of \(\Omega\) by the mapping \(Id+u\) with \(u\in W^{l+1,\infty}\), \(\| u \|<\varepsilon\). The number \(\varepsilon\) is so small that \(Id+u\) is a diffeomorphism. A property (P) will thus be referred to as ``being generic with respect to \(\Omega\in\mathbb{D}^3_l\) if, for every \(\Omega\in\mathbb{D}^3_l\), the set of domains of \(\mathbb{D}^3_l(\Omega)\) where (P) holds true contains a countable intersection of open and dense subsets of \(\mathbb{D}^3_l(\Omega)\). Another notion used in the paper is the resonance in the spectrum. Namely, the resonance is a relation \[ \lambda_{k+1}=\sum_{j=1}^km_j\lambda_j,\quad\text{where} \quad m_j\in\mathbb{N},\;1\leq k\leq m. \] If no resonance occurs in the spectrum of the problem, then the problem is called non-resonant. The main result of the article is the following theorem: generically with respect to \(\Omega\in\mathbb{D}^3_5\), the spectrum of the operator of the problem is non-resonant. This result is based on the spectrum property: generically with respect to \(\Omega\in\mathbb{D}^3_4\), all the eigenvalues of the problem are simple.

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