Limiting behaviour of constrained sums of two variables and the principle of a single big jump

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Abstract: This note studies the asymptotic properties of the variable Z_d:=frac{X_1}{d}|{X_1+X_2=d}, as doinfty. Here X1 and X2 are non-negative i.i.d. variables with a common twice differentiable density function f. General results concerning the distributional limits of Zd are discussed with various examples. Eventual log-convexity or log-concavity of f turns out to be the key ingredient that determines how the variable Zd behaves. As a consequence, two surprising discoveries are presented: Firstly, it is noted that the distributional limit is not strictly determined by the decay rate of the tail function. Secondly, it is shown that there exists a light-tailed distribution exhibiting behaviour that is commonly associated with heavy-tailed distributions i.e. the principle of a single big jump.












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