Existence of optimal ultrafilters and the fundamental complexity of simple theories

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2015.12.009zbMATH Open1431.03048arXiv1404.2919OpenAlexW2963220768WikidataQ105488011 ScholiaQ105488011MaRDI QIDQ908076FDOQ908076

Authors: S. Shelah, M. Malliaris 

Publication date: 2 February 2016

Published in: Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In the first edition of Classification Theory, the second author characterized the stable theories in terms of saturation of ultrapowers. Prior to this theorem, stability had already been defined in terms of counting types, and the unstable formula theorem was known. A contribution of the ultrapower characterization was that it involved sorting out the global theory, and introducing nonforking, seminal for the development of stability theory. Prior to the present paper, there had been no such characterization of an unstable class. In the present paper, we first establish the existence of so-called optimal ultrafilters on Boolean algebras, which are to simple theories as Keisler's good ultrafilters are to all theories. Then, assuming a supercompact cardinal, we characterize the simple theories in terms of saturation of ultrapowers. To do so, we lay the groundwork for analyzing the global structure of simple theories, in ZFC, via complexity of certain amalgamation patterns. This brings into focus a fundamental complexity in simple unstable theories having no real analogue in stability.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1404.2919

Recommendations

• SIMPLICITY IN COMPACT ABSTRACT THEORIES
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 175742
• Complexity of the universal theory of modal algebras
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2015285
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3274717
• Independence, order, and the interaction of ultrafilters and theories
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1556962
• On the Theoretical and Practical Complexity of the Existential Theory of Reals
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 8764
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1471994

zbMATH Keywords

model theoryultrafiltersclassification of simple theoriesKeisler's orderoptimal ultrafilterssaturation of ultrapowers

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Classification theory, stability, and related concepts in model theory (03C45) Other combinatorial set theory (03E05) Ultraproducts and related constructions (03C20) Logical aspects of Boolean algebras (03G05) Chain conditions, complete algebras (06E10)

Cites Work

• Classification theory and the number of non-isomorphic models.
• Some theorems of set theory and their topological consequences
• Realization of \(\varphi \)-types and Keisler's order
• Every two elementarily equivalent models have isomorphic ultrapowers
• Diophantine Problems Over Local Fields I
• Keisler's order has infinitely many classes
• A dividing line within simple unstable theories
• Constructing regular ultrafilters from a model-theoretic point of view
• Good and Ok Ultrafilters
• Cofinality spectrum theorems in model theory, set theory, and general topology
• General topology meets model theory, on 𝔭 and 𝔱
• Hypergraph sequences as a tool for saturation of ultrapowers
• Ultraproducts which are not saturated
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Reduced direct products
• Diophantine problems over local fields. III: Decidable fields
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Ultraproducts in the theory of models
• Ultrafilters and Independent Sets
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Saturation of ultrapowers and Keisler's order
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• A primer of simple theories
• Good ideals in fields of sets
• Model-theoretic properties of ultrafilters built by independent families of functions
• Model theory and the cardinal numbers \(\mathfrak p\) and \(\mathfrak t\)
• Title not available (Why is that?)

Cited In (19)

• Cichoń's maximum
• Model-theoretic applications of cofinality spectrum problems
• A dividing line within simple unstable theories
• A separation theorem for simple theories
• A new look at interpretability and saturation
• Keisler's order is not linear, assuming a supercompact
• Compact cardinals and eight values in Cichoń's diagram
• Keisler's order is not simple (and simple theories may not be either)
• Cofinality spectrum theorems in model theory, set theory, and general topology
• Using ultrapowers to compare continuous structures
• Atomic saturation of reduced powers
• An example of a new simple theory
• Some simple theories from a Boolean algebra point of view
• Cofinality spectrum problems: the axiomatic approach
• THE TURING DEGREES AND KEISLER’S ORDER
• The Keisler order in continuous logic
• On positive local combinatorial dividing-lines in model theory
• Keisler's order has infinitely many classes
• Open problems on ultrafilters and some connections to the continuum

This page was built for publication: Existence of optimal ultrafilters and the fundamental complexity of simple theories

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q908076)