Catalytic majorization and _p norms

Sums of independent random variables; random walks (60G50) Quantum computation (81P68) Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15)

Abstract: An important problem in quantum information theory is the mathematical characterization of the phenomenon of quantum catalysis: when can the surrounding entanglement be used to perform transformations of a jointly held quantum state under LOCC (local operations and classical communication) ? Mathematically, the question amounts to describe, for a fixed vector

y

, the set

T (y)

of vectors

x

such that we have

x o t i m e s z p r e c y o t i m e s z

for some

z

, where

p r e c

denotes the standard majorization relation. Our main result is that the closure of

T (y)

in the

e l l_{1}

norm can be fully described by inequalities on the

e l l_{p}

norms:

| x |_{p} l e q | y |_{p}

for all

p g e q 1

. This is a first step towards a complete description of

T (y)

itself. It can also be seen as a

e l l_{p}

-norm analogue of Ky Fan dominance theorem about unitarily invariant norms. The proofs exploits links with another quantum phenomenon: the possibiliy of multiple-copy transformations (

x^{o t i m e s n} p r e c y^{o t i m e s n}

for given

n

). The main new tool is a variant of Cram'er$ theorem on large deviations for sums of i.i.d. random variables.

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