Knot colouring polynomials

DOI10.2140/PJM.2007.231.305zbMATH Open1152.57010OpenAlexW2963705677MaRDI QIDQ952973FDOQ952973

Authors Michael Eisermann

Publication date 14 November 2008

Published in Pacific Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0707.3895

zbMATH Keywords

knot groupknot group homomorphism to a finite groupperipheral systemquandle 2-cocycle state-sum invariantYang-Baxter invariant

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Abstract: This article introduces a natural extension of colouring numbers of knots, called colouring polynomials, and studies their relationship to Yang-Baxter invariants and quandle 2-cocycle invariants. For a knot K in the 3-sphere let pi_K be the fundamental group of the knot complement, and let (m_K,l_K) be a meridian-longitude pair in pi_K. Given a finite group G and an element x in G, we consider the set of representations ho from pi_K to G that map the meridian m_K to x, and define the colouring polynomial P(K) as the sum over all longitude images ho(l_K). The resulting invariant maps knots to the group ring Z[G]. It is multiplicative with respect to connected sum and equivariant with respect to symmetry operations of knots. Examples are given to show that colouring polynomials distinguish knots for which other invariants fail, in particular they can distinguish knots from their mutants, obverses, inverses, or reverses. We prove that every quandle 2-cocycle state-sum invariant of knots is a specialization of some knot colouring polynomial. This provides a complete topological interpretation of these invariants in terms of the knot group and its peripheral system. Furthermore, we show that P can be presented as a Yang-Baxter invariant, i.e. as the trace of some linear braid group representation. This entails in particular that Yang-Baxter invariants can detect non-inversible and non-reversible knots.

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Cited in

(15)

• Three Dimensions of Knot Coloring
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 437298 (Why is no real title available?)
• Computations of quandle 2-cocycle knot invariants without explicit 2-cocycles
• Homotopical interpretation of link invariants from finite quandles
• Links and cycles. II: Families of commutation relations, parametrized by knots, in the mapping class groups and beyond
• 4-fold symmetric quandle invariants of 3-manifolds
• Longitudinal mapping knot invariant for SU(2)
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• Quandle colorings of knots and applications
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