Nonlinear quantum evolution equations to model irreversible adiabatic relaxation with maximal entropy production and other nonunitary processes

DOI10.1016/S0034-4877(09)90024-6MaRDI QIDQ963210zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Gian Paolo Beretta

Publication date 8 April 2010

Published in Reports on Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0907.1977

zbMATH Keywords

entropyirreversibilitysteepest entropy ascentquantum thermodynamicsmaximum entropy production principlenonlinear quantum dynamicsOnsager reciprocal relations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum dynamics and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82C10) Open systems, reduced dynamics, master equations, decoherence (81S22)

Abstract: We first discuss the geometrical construction and the main mathematical features of the maximum-entropy-production/steepest-entropy-ascent nonlinear evolution equation proposed long ago by this author in the framework of a fully quantum theory of irreversibility and thermodynamics for a single isolated or adiabatic particle, qubit, or qudit, and recently rediscovered by other authors. The nonlinear equation generates a dynamical group, not just a semigroup, providing a deterministic description of irreversible conservative relaxation towards equilibrium from any non-equilibrium density operator. It satisfies a very restrictive stability requirement equivalent to the Hatsopoulos-Keenan statement of the second law of thermodynamics. We then examine the form of the evolution equation we proposed to describe multipartite isolated or adiabatic systems. This hinges on novel nonlinear projections defining local operators that we interpret as ``local perceptions of the overall system's energy and entropy. Each component particle contributes an independent local tendency along the direction of steepest increase of the locally perceived entropy at constant locally perceived energy. It conserves both the locally-perceived energies and the overall energy, and meets strong separability and non-signaling conditions, even though the local evolutions are not independent of existing correlations. We finally show how the geometrical construction can readily lead to other thermodynamically relevant models, such as of the nonunitary isoentropic evolution needed for full extraction of a system's adiabatic availability.

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Cited in

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• The rate-controlled constrained-equilibrium approach to far-from-local-equilibrium thermodynamics
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• The fourth law of thermodynamics: steepest entropy ascent
• Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics: partition functions and steepest entropy increase
• Nonlinear dynamical equation for irreversible, steepest-entropy-ascent relaxation to stable equilibrium
• The second law from locally maximal entropy generation quantum dynamics
• Is thermodynamic irreversibility a consequence of the expansion of the universe?
• Evolving states in nonlocal type dynamics of composite systems
• Local model dynamics for two qubits
• Model dynamics for quantum computing

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