Heterodimensional tangencies on cycles leading to strange attractors

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Abstract: In this paper, we study heterodimensional cycles of two-parameter families of 3-dimensional diffeomorphisms some element of which contains nondegenerate heterodimensional tangencies of the stable and unstable manifolds of two saddle points with different indexes, and prove that such diffeomorphisms can be well approximated by another element which has a quadratic homoclinic tangency associated to one of these saddle points. Moreover, it is shown that the tangency unfolds generically with respect to the family. This result together with some theorem in Viana, we detect strange attractors appeared arbitrarily close to the original element with the heterodimensional cycle.


The paper is devoted to the study of a two-parameter family \(\{\varphi_{\mu,\nu}\}\) of three-dimensional diffeomorphisms which have a bifurcation induced by simultaneous generation of a heterodimensional cycle and a heterodimensional tangency associated to two saddle points. It is shown that such a codimension-2 bifurcation generates a quadratic homoclinic tangency associated to one of the saddle continuations which unfolds generically with respect to some one-parameter subfamily of \(\{\varphi_{\mu,\nu}\}\). The main result is as follows. Theorem. Let \(M\) be a 3-dimensional \(C^2\) manifold, and let \(\{\varphi_{\mu,\nu}\}\) be a two-dimensional family of \(C^2\) diffeomorphisms \(\varphi_{\mu,\nu}:M\to M\) which \(C^2\) depends on \((\mu,\nu)\) and has continuations of saddle fixed points \(p_{\mu ,\nu}\) and \(q_{\mu ,\nu}\) with \(\text{index}(p_{\mu ,\nu })=1\) and \(\text{index}(q_{\mu ,\nu })=2\). Suppose that the following conditions hold. 1. Each \(\varphi_{\mu,\nu}\) is locally linearizable in a neighborhood of \(q_{\mu ,\nu }\). 2. \(\varphi_{0,0}\) has a heterodimensional cycle containing the fixed points \(p=p_{0,0}\), \(q=q_{0,0}\), a nondegenerate heterodimensional tangency \(r\), a quasi-transverse intersection \(s\in W^s(q)\cap W^u(p)\). 3. \(\{\varphi_{\mu,\nu}\}\) satisfies some generic conditions. Then, for a sufficiently small \(\varepsilon>0\) and any \(\mu\) in either \((0,\varepsilon)\) or \((-\varepsilon,0)\), there exist infinitely many \(\nu\) such that \(\varphi_{\mu,\nu}\) has a quadratic homoclinic tangency associated to \(p_{\mu ,\nu }\) which unfolds generically with respect to the \(\nu\)-parameter family \(\{\varphi_{\mu\text{(fixed)},\nu}\}\). From this result together with some well-known facts follow some nonhyperbolic phenomena (the existence of nonhyperbolic strange attractors and the \(C^2\)-robust tangencies) arbitrarily close to the codimension-2 bifurcation.











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