A Jang equation approach to the Penrose inequality

DOI10.3934/DCDS.2010.27.741MaRDI QIDQ972050zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Hubert L. Bray, Marcus A. Khuri

Publication date 25 May 2010

Published in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0910.4785

zbMATH Keywords

generalized Jang equationinverse mean curvature flowPenrose inequalityspace-like hypersurfacesspherical symmetry

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

PDEs in connection with relativity and gravitational theory (35Q75) Applications of global differential geometry to the sciences (53C80) Black holes (83C57)

Abstract: We introduce a generalized version of the Jang equation, designed for the general case of the Penrose Inequality in the setting of an asymptotically flat space-like hypersurface of a spacetime satisfying the dominat energy condition. The appropriate existence and regularity results are established in the special case of spherically symmetric Cauchy data, and are applied to give a new proof of the general Penrose Inequality for these data sets. When appropriately coupled with an inverse mean curvature flow, analogous existence and regularity results for the associated system of equations in the nonspherical setting would yield a proof of the full Penrose Conjecture. Thus it remains as an important and challenging open problem to determine whether this system does indeed admit the desired solutions.

Review text

The paper generalizes the Schoen/Yau approach [\textit{R. Schoen} and \textit{S.-T. Yau}, Commun Math. Phys 79, 231--260 (1981; Zbl 0494.53028)] to the positive mass theorem in a way which is suitable to the Penrose Inequality, and represents a notable step towards solving the full Penrose conjecture. The authors introduce a generalized version of the Jang equation, designed for the general case of the Penrose inequality in the setting of an asymptotically flat space-like hypersurface of a space-time satisfying the dominant energy condition. The appropriate existence and regularity results are established in the case of spherically symmetric Cauchy data, and are applied to give a new proof of the general Penrose inequality for these data sets.

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Cited in

(26)

• The conformal flow of metrics and the general Penrose inequality
• Transformations of asymptotically AdS hyperbolic initial data and associated geometric inequalities
• Stability of the spacetime positive mass theorem in spherical symmetry
• The Jang equation and the positive mass theorem in the asymptotically hyperbolic setting
• Inequalities between size, mass, angular momentum, and charge for axisymmetric bodies and the formation of trapped surfaces
• The Gauss-Bonnet-Chern mass for graphic manifolds
• Existence of black holes due to concentration of angular momentum
• Reduction arguments for geometric inequalities associated with asymptotically hyperboloidal slices
• Mathematical general relativity: a sampler
• Inequalities between size and charge for bodies and the existence of black holes due to concentration of charge
• A Penrose-like inequality with charge
• P.D.E.'s which imply the Penrose conjecture
• Penrose-like inequality with angular momentum for minimal surfaces
• The Jang equation, apparent horizons and the Penrose inequality
• A PDE proof of the Penrose inequality for perturbations of Schwarzschild initial data
• The conformal flow of metrics and the general Penrose inequality
• Rigidity in the positive mass theorem with charge
• Existence and blow-up behavior for solutions of the generalized Jang equation
• Spherically symmetric counter examples to the Penrose inequality and the positive mass theorem under the assumption of the weak energy condition
• Nonexistence of solutions to the coupled generalized Jang equation/zero divergence system
• Blowup rate control for solution of Jang's equation and its application to Penrose inequality
• A Jang equation approach to the Penrose inequality for perturbations of Schwarzschild spacetime
• Conformal deformations of initial data sets to the strict dominant energy condition using a spacetime Poisson equation
• Sharp exponential asymptotic estimates for Jang's equation
• On the existence and properties of solutions of the generalized Jang equation with respect to asymptotically anti-De Sitter initial data
• The Penrose inequality in spherical symmetry with charge and in Gauss-Bonnet gravity

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