The Heegaard genera of surface sums

Abstract: Let

M

be a surface sum of 3-manifolds

M_{1}

and

M_{2}

along a bounded connected surface

F

and

p a r t i a l_{i}

be the component of

p a r t i a l M_{i}

containing

F

. If

M_{i}

has a high distance Heegaard splitting, then any minimal Heegaard splitting of

M

is the amalgamation of those of

M^{1}, M^{2}

and

M^{*}

, where

M^{i} = M_{i} s e t m i n u s p a r t i a l_{i} i m e s I

, and

M^{*} = p a r t i a l_{1} i m e s I c u p_{F} p a r t i a l_{2} i m e s I

. Furthermore, once both

p a r t i a l_{i} s e t m i n u s F

are connected, then

, where

; in particular

g (M) = g (M_{1}) + g (M_{2})

if and only if

The proofs rely on Scharlemann-Tomova's theorem.

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