Heegaard surfaces and the distance of amalgamation

Authors: Tao Li

Abstract: Let

M_{1}

and

M_{2}

be orientable irreducible 3--manifolds with connected boundary and suppose

p a r t i a l M_{1} c o n g p a r t i a l M_{2}

. Let

M

be a closed 3--manifold obtained by gluing

M_{1}

to

M_{2}

along the boundary. We show that if the gluing homeomorphism is sufficiently complicated, then

M

is not homeomorphic to

S^{3}

and all small-genus Heegaard splittings of

M

are standard in a certain sense. In particular,

g (M) = g (M_{1}) + g (M_{2}) - g (p a r t i a l M_{i})

, where

g (M)

denotes the Heegaard genus of

M

. This theorem is also true for certain manifolds with multiple boundary components.

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