On perturbations of quasiperiodic Schrödinger operators
Sturm-Liouville theory (34B24) Oscillation theory, zeros, disconjugacy and comparison theory for ordinary differential equations (34C10) General spectral theory of ordinary differential operators (34L05) Asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues, asymptotic theory of eigenfunctions for ordinary differential operators (34L20) Particular ordinary differential operators (Dirac, one-dimensional Schrödinger, etc.) (34L40) General theory of ordinary differential operators (47E05)
Using relative oscillation theory and the reducible result of Eliasson studied perturbations of quasiperiodic Schrödinger operators. Let \(\mathbf{T}^{d}\) be a \(d\)-dimensional torus, where \(\mathbf{T=}\) \(\mathbb{R}/(2\pi\mathbb{Z})\). Let \(Q:\mathbf{T}^{d}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}\) be a real analytic function. The Schrödinger operator on \(L(1,\infty)\) is given by \[ H_{0}=-\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}}+q_{0}(x),\quad q_{0}(x)=Q(\omega x), \] where \(\omega \in \mathbf{T}^{d}\) is fixed. The author investigates decaying perturbations of the quasiperiodic operator \(H_{0}\). That is, he considers the operator \[ H_{1}=-\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}}+q_{1}(x), \quad q_{1}(x)=q_{0}(x)+\Delta q(x) \] for some function \(\Delta q\). Assume that \(\Delta q(x)\rightarrow 0\) as \(x\rightarrow \infty\), and let \(E\), \(E\geq E_0\), be a boundary point of the essential spectrum of \(H_{0}\) (\(E_{0}\) is a certain constant). Then \[ \sigma_{\text{ess}}(H_{1})=\sigma _{\text{ess}}(H_{0})=\mathbb{R}\backslash \bigcup_n G_{n} \] for open sets \(G_{n}\) and there exists a constant \(K=K(E)\) such that \(E\) is an accumulation point of eigenvalues of \(H_{1}\) if \[ \limsup_{x\rightarrow\infty}K\Delta q(x)x^{2}<-\tfrac{1}{4} \] and \(E\) is not an accumulation point of eigenvalues of \(H_{1}\) \[ \liminf_{x\rightarrow\infty}K\Delta q(x)x^{2}>-\tfrac{1}{4}. \] Also, similar results are given for the operator \(H_{\mu }^{\gamma}\equiv H_{0}+\frac{\mu}{x^\gamma}\), where \(0<\gamma \leq 2\).
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