Quantum circuits cannot control unknown operations
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Abstract: One of the essential building blocks of classical computer programs is the "if" clause, which executes a subroutine depending on the value of a control variable. Similarly, several quantum algorithms rely on applying a unitary operation conditioned on the state of a control system. Here we show that this control cannot be performed by a quantum circuit if the unitary is completely unknown. However, this no-go theorem does not prevent implementing quantum control of unknown unitaries in practice, as any physical implementation of an unknown unitary provides additional information that makes the control possible. We then argue that one should extend the quantum circuit formalism to capture this possibility in a straightforward way. This is done by allowing unknown unitaries to be applied to subspaces and not only to subsystems.
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Cites work
- A single quantum cannot be cloned
- Approximating fractional time quantum evolution
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- Quantum-enhanced deliberation of learning agents using trapped ions
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- Optimal quantum networks and one-shot entropies
- A prototype of quantum von Neumann architecture
- Quantum plug n' play: modular computation in the quantum regime
- Universal resources for quantum computing
- Quantum communication through devices with indefinite input-output direction
- Giving operational meaning to the superposition of causal orders
- Finding eigenvectors with a quantum variational algorithm
- The many-worlds calculus
- Reduction of unitary operators, quantum graphs and quantum channels
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