Quasi-diagonalization of Hankel operators

DOI10.1007/S11854-017-0030-7MaRDI QIDQ6249853arXivFDO

Authors Dmitri Yafaev

Publication date 16 March 2014

Published in arXiv

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/S11854-017-0030-7

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Toeplitz operators, Hankel operators, Wiener-Hopf operators (47B35)

arXiv classification

math.FAmath.SP

Abstract: We show that all Hankel operators $H$ realized as integral operators with kernels $h(t+s)$ in $L^2({BbbR}_{+})$ can be quasi-diagonalized as $H={sfL}^{\ast }SigmasfL$. Here $sfL$ is the Laplace transform, $Sigma$ is the operator of multiplication by a function (distribution) $sigma(lambda)$, $lambdainBbbR$. We find a scale of spaces of test functions where $sfL$ acts as an isomorphism. Then ${sfL}^{\ast }$ is an isomorphism of the corresponding spaces of distributions. We show that $h={sfL}^{\ast }sigma$ which yields a one-to-one correspondence between kernels $h(t)$ and sigma-functions $sigma(lambda)$ of Hankel operators. The sigma-function of a self-adjoint Hankel operator $H$ contains substantial information about its spectral properties. Thus we show that the operators $H$ and $Sigma$ have the same numbers of positive and negatives eigenvalues. In particular, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for sign-definiteness of Hankel operators. These results are illustrated at examples of quasi-Carleman operators generalizing the classical Carleman operator with kernel $h(t)=t^{-1}$ in various directions. The concept of the sigma-function directly leads to a criterion (equivalent of course to the classical Nehari theorem) for boundedness of Hankel operators. Our construction also shows that every Hankel operator is unitarily equivalent by the Mellin transform to a pseudo-differential operator with amplitude which is a product of functions of one variable only (of $xinBbbR$ and of its dual variable).

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